again not much different in appearance, because all nations from the east and the west venerate the Homan Pontiff, just as they used in former times to obey the emperors.” In fact the spiritual title se- parates the name of king from the reality itself : for the Roman empire has been changed from the temporal to the spiritual, as Thomas wrote on 2 Thess. ii. ; and that temporal empire has been changed to the power of the Homan See, as Dominic of Sos dictates from Leo, Bishop of Home ; yea, so that even as the episcopate is sometimes said to be secularized, so the Christian world bearing rule is, as it were, spiritualized and amortised [alienated and made over to the spiritual power]. But the head of this new system is Gregory. He first, under the appearance of religion, laid the foundations of the rule of Antichrist ; so that, according to Aventine, 170 years after- wards, at the Council of Hatisbon,Eberhard, Archbishop of Saltzburg, noticed this Epoch. Aventine himself says : Gregory VII. first founded the pontifical empire. See Yitringa in Ap., wTho, p. 570, etc., has both confirmed the rise of this Hildebrand himself, having re- futed others who interpreted the prophecy of Rome pagan, and Dio- cletian, and has collected many testimonies, which we have lately brought forward. But also M., Ant., on the subject of Lords, says respecting Hildebrand : He wTas the first who wished in open w^ar to exercise power over kings and emperors : 1. iv. de rep. eccl. c. 3. And that a new and unheard-of precedent being established, it was effected, that the Pope not only excommunicated Caesar, but even deprived him of his office, Lairizius proves on the weighty testi- monies of Otto ofFrisingia, of Godofrid of Viterbo, John Trithemius, and On. Panvinius, in his history of the Papacy, in German, p. 482, etc. To these may be added the Exx. of Ts. Casaubon c. Baron., throughout; the 2d book especially of John , Bishop of Rochester, on the power of the Pope in temporal matters, ch. 9 and 10 ; Hottinger's Eccl. Hist. Cent. xi. ; BlondeWs discussion on the formula, Christ being King , sect. ii. ch. 16 : Edm. Richer' s Hist. cone, gen. T. I. ch. 13, p. 758; Natal Alexander's Hist. Eccl. Cent. xi. and xii. Diss. ii. art. 9 ; Du Pin on the ancient discipline of the Church, diss. 7th ; A. Rechenberg's diss. on the totality of Hildebrand; the Observ. misc. of Deylingius , exerc. the 6th, respecting the novelty of monarchical rule over the universal Church ; the Diss. of Maiche- lius on the right of the prince with respect to public teaching, pp. 57, 58, etc.
In his Calculation of the years of the world , T. iv. Jen. Lat., fol. 741, etc., Luther in a memorable manner remarked, under the