Apocalypse Xiii. 1.

Roman coins were stamped with his image. But the adversaries of the Pope, three hundred in number of the Romans, and two or three of the clergy, were condemned to death. The former were all beheaded on one and the same day in the Lateran plains ; but the latter were pardoned at the intercession of the Pope, and they were sent into exile to Francia. And thus the title of Roman Em- peror, with which the Grecian emperors, or those of the East, had hitherto been honoured, was transferred to the King of Francia in the West. After these things Charles gave to the Pope the princi- pality of the city and of the Roman dukedom, subject however to himself, as Emperor of the Romans. He passed the winter at Rome in political affairs, and in settling those matters which had reference to the Apostolic See ; I should rather say, in arranging the business of the whole of Italy, as well civil as ecclesiastical, and m passing new laws concerning them : in the next summer he returned into Francia, having left the state under the government of the Senate, both the one and the other being subject to the Pope and himself. But having heard that his new laws were neither observed by the judges in the administration of justice, nor by the people in obe- dience to him, and moreover, that the more powerful carried off from free men, yea, even from churches and monasteries, slaves, to labour in their own vineyards, fields, and pastures ; that they even proceeded to exact from these flocks and wine, and to oppress those who were ministering in the churches ; he wrote to his son Pepin, and admonished him to remedy these evils, to take care of the Church, and to see that his laws were observed.” — P. 55, etc. Many other things, if it is necessary, may be read in New- ton. What the Church of Rome is, apart from the Pontiff, is seen, 1) When a council is held, either before the confirmation of the Pontiff, or without it : 2) When in a schism there is a contest concerning the lawful Pope : 3) When the See is vacant, especially for a longer time than usual, and there is an interregnum, or inter- pontificate, and a conclave : 4) When zeal for Catholicism is exer- cised, even by those who are not so much captivated with the pon- tifical dignity : 5) When the Pope himself is suspected by the Inquisition, or is unsatisfactory to the chiefs of the orders, for in- stance, to the general set over the Jesuits. In fine, it is unneces- sary to say how Rome on its seven hills, together with its walls, temples, palaces, and dwellings, differs from the Pope. Upon the whole, Rome, viewed both architecturally, and politically and eccle- siastically, has something apart from the Pope. Rome scarcely