so Jos., Ant., ii., 10, 1, for the tradi- tional exploits of Moses, and Hamburger, u. δ., Ρ. 771). 4
Ver. 23. ws, cf. i. 1ο, Lucan. The exact age is not mentioned in O.T., but it was traditional (Weiss refers its men- tion to the reviser, perhaps introduced as a parallel to ver. 30). According to the tradition, which Stephen apparently followed, Moses lived forty years in Pharaoh’s palace, but some accounts
188
Αἰγυπτίων": fv δὲ δυνατὸς ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἐν ἔργοις.
23. Ὡς δὲ
ἐπληροῦτο αὐτῷ τεσσαρακονταετὴς ] Χρόνος, ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν
αὐτοῦ ἐπισκέψασθαι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραήλ. 2
Ν 3 , 3 ΄ καὶ ἰδών τινα ἀδικούμενον
24.
3 ΄ Ν 3 , > , ο ηµυνατο και εποιησεν ἐκδίκησιν TH
1 τεσσαρακονταετης ΕΕ ΗΕ, so Hilg.; but τεσσερακον. SAB*C, so Tisch., W.H.,
Weiss (Winer-Schmiedel, pp. 45, 54).
2 After αδικουµενον, DE, Gig., Syr. Harcl. mg. read εκ του Yevous αυτου, SO Hilg.
give twenty years; his dwelling in Midian occupied forty years, and he governed Israel for the same period, xiii. 18. See Midrash Tanchuma on Exod. ti. 6 (Wet- stein, with other references, so too Lum- by).—émAnpotto, ‘but when he was well-nigh,”’ etc., R.V., lit. ‘‘ when the age of forty years was being fulfilled to him” (imperf. tense), cf. Luke xxi. 24, Acts ii. I, ix. 23, xxiv. 27, and ver. 30 below; so repeatedly in LXX.—avéBy ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ, cf. 1 Cor. ii. 9 for the expression, probably taken from LXX, Isa. Ixv. 17, cf. Jer. iii. 16, xxxii, 35, Ezek. xxxviii. το, and 2 Kings xii. 4. The phrase is an imitation of the Hebrew. Gesenius compares the phrase before us with Heb., Ezek. xiv. 3, 4; see also Viteau, Le Grec du N. Τ., p. 66 (1896).— ἐπισκέψασθαι, cf. Luke i. 68, 78, and vii. 16, cf. Exod. iv. 31, of God visiting His people by Moses and Aaron (Acts xv. 14). In each of these passages the verb is used of a divine visitation, and it is so used by St. Luke only amongst N.T. writers, except Heb. ii. 6 = Ps, viii. 5, LXX. It is used elsewhere in Matt. xxv. 36, 43, James i. 27, Acts vi. 3, xv. 36 (cf. Judg. xv. 1). The word is used of visits paid to the sick, cf. Ecclus. vii. 35, and so in classical Greek (see Mayor on James i. 27), often in medical writings and in Plutarch (Grimm, sub v., and Kennedy, Sources of N. T. Greek, p. 105) ; mostly in the LXX, as always in the N.T., in good sense (Gen. xxi. 1, Ps. viii. 4, Ixxix. 14, Ecclus. xlvi. 14, Judith viii. 33, but also with reference to divine punishment, Ps. Ixxxviii. 31, 32, Jer. ix. 9, 25, xi. 22, xxxiv. (xxvii.) 8, etc.), cf. its use in Psalms of Solomon, where it is generally employed with reference to divine visitation, either for purposes of punishment or deliverance. In modern Greek = to visit, same sense as in LXX *and N.T.; Kennedy, 1. 5., Ῥ. 155. For its old English sense of visit, as looking upon with kindness, Lumby compares Shaks., Rich. IT., i., 3, 275: ‘“ All places that the eye of heaven visits”’.—rovs
ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ: though in a king’s palace, and far removed in one sense from his people, Moses remembers that he is an Israelite, and that he has breth- ren; while others forgot their brother- hood he reminded them of it: ‘“‘ motivum amoris quod Moses etiam aliis adhibuit ver. 26,” Bengel, cf. Exod. ii. 10, and Heb. xi. 24, 25.
Ver.24. ἀδικούμενον, “ wronged,” i.c., by blows, Exod. ii. 11.---ἠμύνατο: only here in N.T. (sc., τὸν ἀδικοῦντα); in active the verb means to defend, ‘‘ de- bebat scribere jpvve,” says Blass, but in the middle it means defence of oneself, or of a friend, with the collateral notion of requital or retaliation on an enemy (see Rendall). In the middle it has also the meaning of avenging, and therefore might mean here ‘“‘he took vengeance on”’ or “the repulsed” (cf. Josh. x. 13, 2 Macc. x. 17, Wisdom xi. 3, and Jos., Ant., ix., 1, 2), although this is expressed in the next words.—émoinoev ἐκδίκησιν, cf. Luke xviii. 7, 8, xxi. 22; lit., ‘* wrought an avenging,” Rom. xii. το (¢f. Heb. x. 30), 2 Cor. vii. 11, 2 Thess. i. 8, 1 Pet. ii. 14. This and similar expressions are common in LXX, Judg. xi. 36, Ps. cxlix. 7, Ezek. xxv. 17, 1 Mace. iii. 15, vii. 9, 24, 38; ἐκδ. in Polybius with ποιεῖσθαι, iii., 8, 1ο.--καταπονουμένῳ: only here and in 2 Pet. ii.7; cf. 2 Macc. viii. 2(R has κατα- πα T ovp., of the Jews oppressed, trodden down, in the days of Judas Maccabzus), 3 Macc. ii. 2, 13; used in Polyb. and Josephus, etc. The exact word is found in Didache, v., 2.---πατάξας: lit., to strike, hence to kill, in Biblical language only, cf. Exod. ii. 12 and 14, and ver. 28 below: so also in Matt. xxvi. 31, Mark xiv. 27 (Zech. xiii. 7, LXX). The verb is very frequent in LXX. ‘“Smiting the Egyp- tian,” Ε.Υ.--τὸν Αἰγ.: not previously mentioned, but implied in ἁδικ., which involves an oppressor; as in ver. 26 the facts are regarded by St. Stephen as known to his audience.