Ver. 29. συνεζήτει, cf. vi. Ο.---πρὸς τοὺς Ἓλλην., of whom Saul himself was one; see critical notes. Saul’s visit was a short one (Gal. i. 18), and although we must not limit his opportuni- ties of disputation to the two Sabbaths with Blass (note the two imperfects), yet it is evident that the Hellenists were at once enraged against the deserter from their ranks. There is no contradiction with xxii. 17, as Zeller and Overbeck maintained—it is rather a mark of truth that Luke gives the outward impulse, and Paul the inner ground (Hackett, Lightfoot, Lumby) ; but see on the other hand Ramsay, St. Paul, p. 62, against the identification of xxii. 17 with Paul’s first visit ; according to Ramsay, xxii. 17, 18 refer to the close of the Apostle’s second visit. Wendt (1899) still iden- tifies xxii. 18 with the passage before us, ix. 29; in seventh edition he speaks more fully of the fulfilment of the negative prophecy in xxii. 18, by the positive fact here narrated.—émexeipouv : only used by St. Luke; St. Luke 1. 1, Acts xix. 13; it is used in same sense in
28—3 ο.
243
καὶ συνεζήτει πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς]: οἱ δὲ ἐπεχείρουν αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν.
30. ἐπιγνόντες δὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ κατήγαγον αὐτὸν εἲς Καισάρεια», καὶ
1 Ἐλληνιστας ΝΑΒΟΕΗΙΡ; but A has EAAnvas, and Vulg. (not am. demid.) has “ loquebatur quoque gentibus et disputabat cum Gracis,” see Felten’s note, in
loco.
classical Greek; and it also occurs in Esther ix. 25, 1 Esd. i. 28, 2 Macc. ii. 29, Vii. 1ο, ix. 2, etc., and 3 Macc. vii. 5, where it occurs as here with ἀνελεῖν (see also below), and for other instances cf. Hatch and Redpath. The word was frequently employed in medical lan- guage, sometimes in its literal sense ‘‘ to apply the hand to,” but generally as in N.T. Both Hippocrates and Galen use the verb as St. Luke does, with γράφειν--- ἐπειχείρησαν γράφειν. Hobart, pp. 87 and 210, points out that Galen also employs the verb with ἀνελεῖν, as here. It is true that the word is also used in the same sense by Josephus, c. Apion, ii., with συγγράφειν, but the medi- cal use of the term is so striking in Hip- pocrates that its use here is noted by J. Weiss, Evangelium des Lukas, p.i., asa probable reminiscence by the writer, and still more positively so by Zahn, Ein- leitung in das N. Τ., ii., p. 384 (1899).
Ver. 30. ἐπιγνόντες: the preposition may signify here as elsewhere accurate and certain knowledge or information—a favourite word with St. Luke, in the Gospel seven times, in Acts thirteen times; it was also a favourite word with Sty Paul, ο. ε.σ.. πι GOL. αμ τα» COF. vi. 9 ; frequent in LXX, or it may simply mean to find out, to ascertain (Grimm) ; see Blass in loco on its force in LXX. 5.—ot ἀδελφοὶ: the expression seems expressly used to imply that the disciples at Jerusalem recognised Saul as a brother. Wendt (1899) rejects all the narrative in Acts as unhistorical, and compares with the statement here Gal. 1. 22; but there mention is only made of the ‘‘ Churches of Judza,”’ whilst the inference that Paul could scarcely fail to have been known to the members of the Church in Jerusalem seems quite justifiable, Lightfoot, Gala- tians, Ῥ. 86.—Katyyayov, i.¢., brought him down to the sea coast, ad mare de- duxerunt, word used only by Luke and Paul; but by St. Luke only as a nautical expression, cf. xxvii. 3, Xxviii. 12 (xxi. 3), and Luke v. 11; so in classical writers.— -eis Κ. as in viii. 4ο (not Czsarea Philippi which is always so called) ; if he found Philip there (xxi. 8), the friend and the -accuser of the proto-martyr would meet
face to face as brethren (Plumptre).— ἐξαπέστειλαν : the word might mean by sea or by land, but the former is sup- ported amongst recent commentators by Blass, so too Page (cf. Lightfoot on Gal. i. 21, p. 85), Knabenbauer, p. 174. But if so, there is no contradiction with Gal. i. 21, where Paul speaks of coming into the regions of Syria and Cilicia, as if he went to the latter through the former. The expressions in Galatians have sometimes been ex- plained on the supposition that the two countries, Syria and Cilicia, are named there as elsewhere in that order, Acts xv. 23, 41, as a kind of general geo- graphical expression (Felten), the most important country being mentioned first, so Lightfoot, Nésgen, Conybeare and Howson; or that as Paul would remain at Syrian ports on the way to Cilicia, he might fairly speak as he does, or that he went first to Tarsus, and thence made missionary excursions into Syria. If neither of these or similar explanations are satisfactory, we can scarcely conclude with Blass that Gal. 1. 21 is accounted for ‘*inverso per incuriam ordine”’. Ramsay has lately argued with much force that here as elsewhere Paul thinks and speaks of the Roman divisions of the empire (cf. Zahn, Einleitung in das N. Τ., i., p. 124 (1897)), and that here the two great divisions, Syria and Cilicia, of the Roman province are spoken of; and he accord- ingly reads, with the original text of δν, τὰ κλίματα τῆς Σ. καὶ Κ., the article used once, and thus embracing the two parts of the one province (sometimes three parts are enumerated, Phcenicia being distinguished from Syria). There is apparently no example of the expres sion Prov. Syria et Cilicia, but Ramsay points to the analogy of Bithynia-Pon- tus; see Expositor, p. 29 ff., 1898, and ‘‘ Cilicia” and ‘‘ Bithynia’’ (Ramsay) in Hastings’ B.D. Ramsay therefore con- cludes that Gal. i. 21 simply implies that Paul spent the following period of his life in various parts of the province Syria- Cilicia.—Tapodv, see above, ver. ΤΙ; on the years of quiet work at Tarsus and in its neighbourhood, see Ramsay, St. Paul, pp. 46, 47, and below on xi. 25.