510
προφῆται ἐλάλησαν μελλόντων γενέσθαι | καὶ Μωσῆς, 23.” εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός, εἰ πρῶτος ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν φῶς µέλλει καταγγέλλειν τῷ λαῷ καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσι. 24. Ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀπολογουμένου, ὁ Φῆστος µεγάλῃ τῇ Gury ἔφη,ὃ Μαίνῃ, Madde τὰ πολλά σε γράµµατα
1 For και Μωσης Flor. and Gig. have “' scriptum est in Moysen”. Blass regards this as the remaining fragment of the original B text, which ran somewhat as follows : γεγραπται yap εν Μωνσει και τοις προφ. πολλα περι τοντων, τοις ερευνησασιν (I Pet. 1. rr).
Σει παθητος κ.τελ., Corssen, G. C. A., 1896, p. 429, points out that Tert., De vesurr. carn., 39, presupposes the reading of Flor. and Gig., and regards the passage, Gen. ix. 5, in support of bodily resurrection, as quoted by Paul. According to Cors- sen’s view, this passage was noted in the margin of the Western text. Flor. and Gig. make Paul refer to some particular passage of the Pentateuch, instead of gener- ally to Moses and the prophets, but in Corssen’s view Blass has not helped the recovered reading, but rather destroyed its force by his conjectured additions (see further Wendt (1899), Ρ. 397). But Blass in his B text leaves a lacuna: γεγραπται
γαρ ev Μωυσει (και τοις mpopytats) .. .
3 Blass reads in B text Έμανης Παυλε εµανης with Flor., so περιετρεψεν with Flor. (ut videtur), so nyepwv for Φηστε on the same authority. .
capacity for, suffering, although pri- marily the Greek word implies this, but of the divine destination to suffering, cf. Luke xxiv. 26, 44, 1 Cor. xv. 2, 3, see Grimm-Thayer, sub v.; Justin Martyr, c. Tryph., ο. 89, παθητὸν τὸν Χριστόν, ὅτι at γραφαὶ κηρύσσονσι, Φαγερόν ἐστι. But the same dialogue, c. go, enables us to realise that even where the idea of a suffering Messiah was entertained, nothing was more abhorrent than the idea of the cross as the outward expression of such sufferings: “If the Messiah can suffer,” cries the Jew Trypho, “yet he cannot be crucified ; he cannot die such a shameful, dis- honourable death’’. See also cc. 36, 76. For the incompatibility of the idea of a suffering Messiah with the ideas current in the time of Jesus see Dalman, Der Leidende und der Sterbende Messias, p. 30, and references may be made to Wit- ness of the Epistles, pp. 360, 361, for other authorities to the same effect; cf. Matt. xvi. 22, Luke xviii. 34, xxiv. 21, John xii. 34, 1 Cor. i. 23, Gal. v. 11; see above on iii, 18 (p. 113). If we render εἰ if or whether it does not indi- cate that there was any doubt in Paul’s mind; but he simply states in the hypo- thetical form the question at issue be- tween himself and the Jews.—el πρῶτος : “that he first by the resurrection of the dead,” R.V., closely connected with the preceding; the Messiah was to suffer, but “out of his resurrection from the dead”’ assurance was given not only that the Suffering Messiah and the Tri- umphant Messiah were one, but that in
Him, the true Messiah, all the O.T. prophecies of the blessings of light and life, to Jew and Gentile alike, were to be fulfilled, cf. Isai. xlix. 6, Acts xiii. 47 (Isai. ix. 1, 2, lx. 1). This on the whole seems better than to limit the words to the fact that life and immortality had been brought to light by the resurrection of the Christ: φῶς means more than the blessing of immortality in the future, it means the present realisation of the light of life, cf. ver. 18, and Luke ii. 32, of a life in the light of the Lord. πρῶτος closely connected with ἐξ ἀναστ., as ἵξΞ πρωτότοκος ἐκ νέκρων, Col. i. 18, 1 Cor. xv. 20, 23, or as if the Apostle would emphasise the fact that Christ first rose in the sense of rising to die no more, Rom. vi. 9, and so pro- claimed light, είο.--καταγγέλλειν : “to proclaim,” R.V., ¢f. xvi. 17, xvii. 3, 23. —hae καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσι, see above ver. 17; even in the Pharisaic hope expressed in Psalms of Solomon, xvii., cf. νετ. 32, we see how far the Gentiles would necessarily be from sharing on an equality with the Jews in the Messianic kingdom, see Ryle and James, Introd., liii., and also for later literature, Apocalypse of Baruch, \xxii., Edersheim on Isaiah lx., Fesus the Mes- siah, ii., pp. 728, 720.