Ver. 18, σφοδρῶς δὴ χειµαζ. ἡμῶν:
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µένων ἡμῶν, τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο: 19. καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ αὐτόχειρες ‘ ‘ a 4 fear 2 , AL εὐ κ , » τὴν σκευὴν τοῦ πλοίου” ἐῤῥίψαμεν ' 29.” µήτε δὲ ἡλίου µήτε ἄστρων
, - ἐπιφαινόντων ἐπὶ πλείονας ἡμέρας, χειμῶνός τε οὐκ ὀλίγου ἐπικει-
1 Instead of rst pers. pl. NAB*C, Vulg., Arm., so Tisch., W.H., R.V., Blass in B,
Weiss, Wendt have 3rd pers. have double p); HLP, Syr. (18990) with one p. 137 and Hilg.; Winer-Schmiedel, p. 56.
2At beginning of verse Blass in B and Hilg. (1899) add επιµενοντος
(W.H., so Tisch., with one p with XB*, while AB*C H. and P., Boh. have rst pers. pl., and so Hilg. Syr. H., Wern. add εις την θαλασσα»,
so Blass in B text,
δε του
χειµωνος και with Gig., Syr. P. (the latter with επι πλ. np. after yetpwvog), whilst
χειμ. « «« to λοιπον is omitted.
“and as we laboured exceedingly with the storm,” R.V., Ramsay, Rendall, a regular nautical and classical term ; cf. Thuc., ii., 25 ; iii., 69; viii., 99; Plato, Jon, 40 B. In Attic Greek usually σφόδρα, but cf. LXX, Josh. iti. 16, Ecclus. xiii. 13, 4 Macc. vi. 11; only here in Ντ. Weiss thinks that it is used to express how severely they were distressed by the storm.—rq ἑξῆς . . « καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ, Cf. Like xiii. 32, connected with the words which follow in R.V. and by Ramsay. For rq ἑξ. cf. Luke vii. τι (but see W.H.), ix. 37, and above on xxi. 1, xxv. 17; nowhere else in N.T.— ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο: “they began to throw the freight overboard,” R.V., Ramsay, Felten, a technical term, so in classi- cal Greek, for throwing out cargo to lighten a ship; Latin jactura, LXX, Jonah i. 5, with τῶν σκενῶν, and Julius Pollux, i., 99, who also has the phrase κουφίσαι τὴν vaty, cf. νετ. 38 below. The imperfect marks that they began by throwing away the cargo, probably what was on deck, so that the vessel would ship less water ; and in ver. 19 they cast out (ἔῥῥιψαν, aorist) the furniture of the ship, its fittings and equipment, anything movable lying on the deck upon which the passengers could lay their hands (αὐτόχειρες only here in N.T. represent- ing the haste, Weiss). Others include under the word the actual baggage of the passengers, but we should have ex- pected ἡμῶν instead of τοῦ πλοίον, whilst others explain of beds and crockery, tables, etc., furniture in this sense (Z6ck- ler and Felten, exclusive of beds which were not in use). Breusing rejects this interpretation as “too silly,” and he thinks that the expression really means that by thus throwing overboard the poles and tackling, room was found for the crowd of passengers on the deck, as the hatchways could not be kept open, since the heavy sea would have swamped
the ship, p. 186. J. Smith takes σκεύη to mean the mainyard, but the word is here apparently used in a more general sense, as above, R.V., margin, '' furni- ture of the ship”’.
Ver. 19. ἐῤῥίψαμεν, see critical note. Ramsay prefers the first person, although not well supported, because it increases the effect; but in any case the scene is graphically described, ἔῤῥῥιψαν may be due to ἐποιοῦντο, but, as Wendt notes, ἐῤῥίψαμεν may have been equally due to αὐτόχειρε.. Breusing rejects the first person, p. 187, from a seaman’s point of view ; the sailors would have kept the passengers in their places, and not have allowed them to engage in a work in which they might perchance have done more harm than good.
Ver. 20. pare δὲ ἡλίου µήτε ἄστρων: the omission of the article here intensi- fies the meaning, Blass, Gram., p. 143, “ weder etwas von Sonne ”’.—émidaw- όντων, cf. Luke i. 79; only in Luke and Paul, Tit. ii. 11, ili. 4; “‘ shone upon us,” R.V., thus their only guidance, humanly speaking (for, of course, they had no compass), was taken from them, ¢f. Zineid, Ἱ., 88; iii., 195; Horace, Efod., x., 9, and for the phrase, Polyb., v., 6, 6.---ἐπὶ πλείονας: often in Luke ἐπί with acc. of time, cf. xxviii. 6, and for instances in Luke and other parts of Acts of the same usage as predomi- nant (though not exclusive) in Luke see Hawkins, Hore Synopticea, p. 152; Klostermann, Vindicie Lucane, p. 533 Luke x. 35, xviii. 4, Acts iii. 1, iv. 5, xiil. 31, xvi. 18, xvii. 2, xviii. 20, xix. 8, Io, 34.--οὐκ ὀλίγου: only in Luke, eight times in Acts; see above on ver. 14.— ἐπικειμ., cf. 1 Cor. ix. 16, Heb. ix. το, Luke v. 1, xxiii. 23 (John xi. 38, xxi. 9, literal sense), and for its use here, Plut., Timol., 28, τέλος δὲ τοῦ χειμῶνος ἔπικει- pévov. In LXX, Job xix. 3, Wisd. xvii. 21 S,1 Macc. vi. 57, 3 Macc. i. 22, etc.—