6—10. ΠΡΟΣ ΚΟΡΙΝΘΙΟΥΣ A 021 e2 , t » eet 9 4 , 3 ς ελα a eN.T. hl.; Σἐκτρώματι, "ὤφθη κἀμοί: 9. ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι 6 ᾿ ἐλάχιστος τῶν Job iii τό, ἀποστόλων, ὃς οὐκ εἰμὶ 6 ἱκανὸς καλεῖσθαι ἀπόστολος, διότι » ἐδίωξα ‘ απ aoe ο» , αἱ Ais | κ κ ο. «ο } sons, Μι, = ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ | Θεοῦ: 1ο. " χάριτι δὲ "Θεοῦ εἰμι ὃ εἰμι, καὶ ανν ς > ye 1 ο. ae >m AY m 5 , > Sa) , Ξ ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ" ‘ets ἐμὲ οὐ '''κενὴ ἐγενήθη, ἀλλὰ περα 4) Bon. , > , > > ε A Coe ie 411 . πάντων °éxomiaga: οὐκ ἐγὼ δὲ, GAN ἡ "χάρις τοῦ " Θεοῦ ἡ ὃ σὺν ης vi. 2, d above. g 2 Cor. iii. 5; 2 Tim. ii. 2 and Mt. iii. 11 (withinf.); Ex. iv. το. h Gal. i. 13, 23, iv. 29; Phil. iii. 6; Acts ix. 4 f., xxii. 4, 7 f., xxvi. 11, 14 f.; Rev. xii. 13; Mt. v. 10 Π., εἰς, i Seei. 4, k Seei. 4. 11 Pet. i. 10; cf. 2 Cor. ix. 8; Rom. ν. 15. m 1 ΤΗ. il. 1, iii. 5 (evs κενον). For xevos, sce ver. 14. n Adv., Mk. vii. 36; Heb. vi. 17, vii. 15. For comp. adj., see xii. 23. o Rom. xvi.
6,12; Ph. ii. 16; Acts xx. 35; Mt. vi. 28; Psa. cxxvi. 1.
For κοπος, see iii. 8.
1 Om. η DG, latt. verss. and Ff.—gratia ejus in me. 2 xTwXy ουκ εγενηθη: DG (γεγονεν), some latt., Amb., Ambrst. (pauper, egena).
3 Om. η Ν ΒΡΧ, latt. vg. So crit. edd., exc. W.H. marg.
apostles’’: in this formal enumeration, ἀπόστολοις bears its strictest sense, and could hardly include James (see Acts i. 13 f.; he is not certainly so styled in Gal. i.19). Paul was, presumably, aware ot the absence of Thomas on the occasion of ver. 5, and his consequent scepticism {John xx. 24 ff.); he therefore says dis- tinctly that all participated in this latter sight, which coincides in point of time with Acts i. 6-12, not John xx. 26. The witness of the First App. to the resurrec- tion was complete and unqualified.
Ver. 8. ἔσχατον δὲ πάντων, ὡσπερεὶ τῷ ἐκτρώματι: ‘But last of all, as it were to the abortion (a creature so unfit and so repulsive), He appeared also to me”’.—éoyatov (ady.) πάντων marks the conclusion of a long series; cf. iv. 9, also Mark xii, 22.--ὡσπερεί, a frequent cl. conjunction, ‘‘nonnihil mitigat—w¢ si [or quasi]: docet non debere hoc nimium premi, . . Articulus vim habet (τῷ ἐκτρώματι). Quod inter liberos est abor- tus, inquit, id ego sum in apostolis. .. . Ut abortus non est dignus humano nomine, sic apostolus negat se dignum apostoli appellatione” (Bg.; similarly Est., Mr., Al., Ed., Sm.); ἔκτρωμα need not be pressed beyond this figurative and descriptive meaning. However, Ον., Gr., Bt., Gd., and many find in the phrase an indication of the sudden- ness and violence of Paul’s birth into Christ; Hn. and EI. see pictured in it, more appropriately, the unripe birth of one who was changed at a stroke from the persecutor into the Apostle, instead of maturing normally for his work,—“ P. describes himself thus in contrast with those who, when Jesus appeared to them, were already brothers or apostles, already born as God’s children into the life of faith in Christ” (Hf.). Sm. aptly sug-
Cf. note r.
gests that τὸ ἔκτρωμα was one of the insulting epithets flung at Paul by the Judaists ; in their eyes he was a wirklich Missgeburt. He adopts the title—‘* the abortion, as they call me’’—and gives it a deeper meaning. His low stature may have suggested the taunt: cf. 2 Cor. x. 1Ο, and Acta Pauli et Theclae, 3. An abortion is a living, genuine offspring.
Ver. g. 6 ἐλάχιστος corresponds to ἔσχατον πάντων (8); ‘the least’ pro- perly comes “last”: ο. Eph. iii. 8, which enhances this expression; also 1 Tim. i. 15.---ὃς οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς καλεῖσθαι K.T.A., ‘‘ who am not fit to bear the name of apostle ’’.—ixavos (lit. reaching up to, hinreichend), as distinguished from ἄξιον (worthy : xvi. 4), denotes adequacy, com- petence for office or work (cf. 2 Cor. iii. 5); the words are interchangeable ‘‘ where the capacity to act consists in a certain moral condition of mind and heart” (Ed.: cf. Matt. iii. 11, and John i. 27).— διότι (propterea quod, Bz.) ἐδίωξα κ.τ.λ., ‘“because I persecuted the Church of God’’—a remorse which never left the Ap. (ο. Gal. 1. 13, 1 Tim. 1. 13 ff.,, Acts xxvi. g ff.); the prominence of this fact in Luke’s narrative is a sign of Paul’s hand. The Church of Jegsus., whatever opposition to himself might proceed from it, was always to Paul ‘‘the church of God” (Gal. i. 13, 22): on this phrase, see note to i. 2. For καλέομαι, in this sense, ¢f. Rom. 1x..25,-f., Heb. Ἡ, αχ. This ver. explains how P. is ‘the abor- Ποπ ᾿' among the App.; in respect of his dwarfishness, and the unripeness of his birth into Apostleship.