“ Zedekiah—smote Micaiah on the cheek (ématake émt thy ovay- éva).” The word in ver. 23, Sépecs, lit., flayest, hence, to beat or thrash (compare Luke xii. 47), seems better to suit the meaning strike with a rod; yet in 2 Cor. xi. 20, that verb is used of smiting in the face (eis Tpdcwmov Sépe), and in 1 Cor. ix. 27, where Paul is using the figure of a bower, he says, “So Sight T (avnrevo, of boxing, or fighting with the fists), not as one that beateth (Sépwv) the air.” These examples practically de- stroy the force of the argument from dépevs. It is impossible to settle the point conclusively; but, on the whole, it seems as well to retain the rendering of the A. V. and Rev.*
24. Annas had sent (dzrécrecdev 6” Avvas). The best texts insert odv, therefore. The rendering of the aorist by the plu- perfect here is inadmissible, and is a device to bring this ex- amination of Jesus into harmony with that described in Matt. xxvi. 56-68, and to escape the apparent inconsistency between the mention of the high-priest (Caiaphas) as conducting this examination and the statement of ver. 13, which implies that this was merely a preliminary examination before Annas. Render, Annas therefore sent him.
Bound. Probably He had been unbound during His ex- amination.
27. The cock crew. The Greek has not the definite article. See on Matt. xxvi. 34. The use of the article would seem to mark the tame, cock-crowing, rather than the incident.
28-38. Compare Matt. xxvii. 1, 2; 11-14; Mark xv. 1-5; Luke xxiii. 1-5.
28. Led (dyovow). Present tense, lead.
Hall of judgment (zpattwpov). A Latin word, pretorium, transcribed. Originally, the general's tent. In the Roman proy-
* Mr. Field’s remark (‘‘ Otium Norvicense ”) that it is improbable that the word would continue to be used in the older sense (rod) after it had acquired the later meaning (hand), can hardly be called conclusive.