* So Alford and Huther, agt. Westcott. Westcott rightly observes that the preposition év in, is constantly used in the context to express the presence of God in the Christian body ; but it is most commonly joined there with ever abideth, vv. 12, 13, 15, 16, and the objective statement, God sent, etc., defining the manifestation of God’s love, does not adjust itself naturally to the subject-
ive sense implied in ¢n us.
358 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. 10. Propitiation. See on ii. 2. 11. So (ors). Emphatic. We ought. See on ii. 6.
12. God. Beginning the sentence emphatically, and with- out the article: God as God. “God hath no man ever yet seen.” Compare John i. 18.
His love. Not our love to Him, nor His love to us, but the love which is peculiarly His; which answers to His nature.
14. We have seen (reSedueSa). Have deliberately and steadfastly contemplated. Compare i. 1, and see on John i. 14,
Do testify (uaptupodpev). Rev., bear witness. See on John Dds
Sent. See on ver. 9.
The Saviour of the world. See the same phrase, John iv. 42, and compare John iii. 17. Serjp Saviour, occurs in John only here and John iv.42. Elsewhere it is applied both to God (1 Tim. i.1; ii. 3; Tit.i.3; ii. 10; iii.4; Jude 25), and to Christ (Luke ii. 11; Acts v. 31; xiii. 23; 2 Tim. i. 10; Tit. i. 4, etc.). The title is found in Paul’s Epistles of the Captivity (Eph. v. 23; Philip. iii. 20), and in the Pastorals (see above), but not in Corinthians, Romans, Galatians, or Thessalonians. In classical writings the term is applied to many deities, especially to Zeus (Jupiter) ; also to Hermes (Mercury), Apollo, Hercules, and even to female deities, as Fortune and Aphrodite (Venus). “ Zeus Soter” (Zeus Saviour) was used as a formula in drinking at banquets. The third cup was dedicated to him. Compare Plato: “Then, by way of a third libation to the saviour Zeus, let us sum up and reassert what has been said” (“ Philebus,” 66). The drinking of this cup was a symbol of good fortune, and the third time came to mean the lucky time. “Twice then has the just man overthrown the unjust; and now comes the third trial,