was thy covering.” The idea is that of raiment studded with precious stones. See on ch. ii. 17.
White (Aauzpov). Mostly applied in the New Testament to clothing, as Luke xxiii. 11; Acts x. 30; Jas. ii. 2. Also to the water of life (ch. xxii. 1), and the morning-star (ch. xxii. 16). Rey., bright.
Girt round their breasts. As the Lord in the vision of i, 13; where, however, pactots paps is used instead of ot73n breasts. :
7. Vials (giddas). Rev., bowls. See on ch. v. 8.
8. Smoke. Compare Exod. xl. 34; 1 Kings viii. 10; Ps. xviii. 8; Isa. vi. 4; Ezek. x, 2-4.
None was able to enter. “God cannot be approached at the moment when He is revealing Himself in all the terrors of His indignation” (Milligan). See Exod. xix. 21.
CHAPTER XVI. 1. The vials. Add seven.
2. And the first went. Each angel, as his turn comes, with- draws (imdyere, see on John vi. 21; viii. 21) from the heavenly scene.
There fell (éyévero). Lit., there came to pass. Rev., tt became. Elliott, very aptly, there broke out.
Noisome and grievous («axov Kal mrovnpov). Similarly the two cognate nouns xaxia and movnpla malice and wickedness occur together in 1 Cor. v. 8. Ilovnpos emphasizes the activity of evil. See on Luke iii. 19.
Sore (€dxos). See on Luke xvi. 20. Compare the sixth Egyptian plague, Exod. ix. 8-12, where the Septuagint uses
this word @dxos boil. Also of the bodl or scab of leprosy, Levit. xiii. 18; king Hezekiah’s boil, 2 Kings xx. 7; the botch of Egypt, Deut. xxviii. 27, 35. In Job ii. 7 (Sept.) the boils are described as here by srovnpos sore.
3. It became (éyévero). Or there came. Blood. Compare Exod. vii. 19. As of adead man. Thick, corrupt, and noisome.
Living soul (uy? aoa). The best texts read uy7 Cwis soul of life.
4. The third angel. Omit angel.
They became (éyévero). There is no necessity for rendering the singular verb in the plural. We may say either at became or there came.
5. The angel of the waters. Set over the waters as other angels over the winds (ch. vii. 1) and over the fire (ch. xiv. 18).
OLord. Omit.
And shalt be. Following the reading 6 éoduevos. Read 0 das Thou Holy One.
Thou didst thus judge (radra éxpwas). Lit., Thow dedst judge these things.
6. For they are worthy. Omit for.
7. Another out of the altar. Omit another out of, and read, as Rev., J Acard the altar. The altar personified. Com- pare ch. vi. 9, where the souls of the martyrs are seen under the altar and ery how long.
Almighty. Add the article: the Almighty.
8. The fourth angel. Omit angel.
REVELATION OF JOHN. 54] Power was given (c509n). Rev., dé was given.
With fire (év wupc). Lit., “in fire.” The element in which the scorching takes place.
9. Repent to give Him glory. Glorify Him by repentance. His kingdom was darkened. Compare Exod. x. 21, 22.
They gnawed (€uaccdvro). Only here in the New Testa- ment.
For pain (é« 70d mévov). Strictly, from their pain. Their, the force of the article Tov.
12. Euphrates. See on ch. ix. 14.
Of the east (a7 tev dvatoday Hrlov). Lit., as Rev., from the sunrising. See on Matt. ii. 2; and dayspring, Luke i. 78.
13. Frogs. Possibly with reference to Exod. vili. 1-14.
14. Of the earth and of the whole world. Omit of the earth and.
World (otcovpévns). See on Luke ii. 1.
The battle (ddcyov). Rev., more literally, war, Battle is wan.
That great day (éxefvys). Omit. Read, as Rev., “the great day.”
15. Behold—shame. These words are parenthetical.
As athief. Compare Matt. xxiv. 43; Luke xii. 39; 1 Thess. y. 2,4; 2 Pet. iii. 10.
Watcheth (ypryopav). See on Mark xiii. 35; 1 Pet. v. 8.
Keepeth his garments. “ During the night the captain of the Temple made his rounds. On his approach the guards