Mark 15:19
Ver. 19. And they smote him on the head with a reed,.... Or cane, a walking stick which they had put into his hands for a sceptre: this they took out again, and struck him on the head with it, which drove the sharp pointed thorns into his temples:
and did spit upon him; "upon his face", as the Syriac, Arabic, and Persic versions read:
and bowing their knees, as to a sovereign prince,
worshipped him; saying the above words, hail, king of the Jews?See Gill on "Mt 27:29",See Gill on "Mt 27:30". Mark 15:20Ver. 20. And when they had mocked him,.... To their satisfaction, and had had enough of this sort of diversion:they took off the purple from him; and so, in their way, unkinged him;and put his own clothes on him: both that he might be known to be the same person; and that the four soldiers, who had the charge of him, might have the perquisites of his clothes at his execution:and led him out to crucify him: they led him out of the "praetorium", or judgment hall, and through the city, without the gates of it, to the usual place of crucifixion; he bearing his own cross, when first led out. Mark 15:21Ver. 21. And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian,....See Gill on "Mt 27:32";who passed by; as they were leading Jesus to be crucified:coming out of the country; from some country village hard by, according to the Syriac, and Vulgate Latin versions; or out of the field, as the Persic and Ethiopic: he might have been in the field, about some rural business; or, as Dr. Lightfoot conjectures, to fetch wood from thence, which was lawful to be done on a feast day, with some provisos, according to the Jewish canon, which runs thus {t};"they may bring wood out of the field, (i.e. on a feast day, as this was,) of that which is gathered together, and out of a place that is fenced about, and even of that which is scattered abroad: what is a fenced place? whatever is near to a city, the words of R. Judah. R. Jose says, whatever they go into by a door, and even within the border of the sabbath.''And according to the commentators {u}, it must be wood that is gathered together, and that lies not in an open field, but in a fenced place, and this near the city; at least with in two thousand cubits, a sabbath day's journey.The father of Alexander and Rufus; who were men well known when Mark wrote his Gospel, and very likely men of eminence among Christians: mention is made of Alexander in Ac 19:33 and of Rufus, in Ro 16:13, which some have thought the same as here; but whether they are or not, is not certain: however, they obliged "Simon"to bear his cross: the cross of Christ, after him;See Gill on "Mt 27:32".{t} Misn. Betza, c. 4. sect. 2. {u} Maimon. & Bartenora in ib. Vid. Maimon. Hilch. Yom Tob, c. 2. sect. 14. Mark 15:22Ver. 22. And they bring him unto the place, Golgotha,.... A famous, or rather an infamous one, well known, and much noted for the many executions there:which is, being interpreted, the place of a skull; because the skulls of men that had been executed and buried there, being dug up again, lay scattered about; See Gill on "Mt 27:33". Mark 15:23Ver. 23. And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh,.... Wine mingled with frankincense was what was usually given by the Jews to persons going to die {w}:"he that goes to be executed they mix for him, Nyy lv owkbhnwbl lv jrwq, "a grain of frankincense in a cup of wine", that his mind may be disturbed, or not sensible; as it is said, Pr 31:6, "give strong drink to him that is ready to perish, and wine to the bitter in soul": and the tradition is, that the honourable women in Jerusalem gave this freely, and brought it them; and if they did not, it was provided by the congregation,''at the public expense; the design of it was to intoxicate, that they might not feel their pain and misery: but neither the rich women in general, nor were the public so disposed towards Christ, as to provide such a potion for him: it is most likely therefore that this was prepared by his friends, as Mary Magdalene, Martha, and others, in order to cheer and refresh his spirits; and was different from what the soldiers gave him, which was vinegar mixed with gall, though the Persic version so reads here:but he received it not; nor would he so much as taste of it, as he did of the other, to show that he needed no such outward means to support his spirits, nor desired any allay of his sorrows, and was not afraid to meet death in all its terrors; and besides, he had said he would drink no more of the fruit of the vine till he drank it new in his Father's kingdom, Mt 26:29;See Gill on "Mt 27:34".{w} T. Bab. Sanhedrin, fol. 43. 1. Bemidbar Rabba, sect. 10. fol. 193. 4. Maimon. Hilch. Sanhedrin, c. 13. sect. 2, 3. Moses Kotsensis Mitzvot Tora, pr. affirm. 98. Mark 15:24Ver. 24. And when they had crucified him,.... Had fastened him to the cross, and reared it up, and he was hanging upon it:they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take. This last clause, "what every man should take", is left out in the Arabic version. His garments they divided into four parts; and each soldier, as there were four of them, took a part; and upon his vesture, or seamless coat, because they would not rend it, they cast lots who should have it, and so fulfilled a prophecy in Ps 22:18;See Gill on "Mt 27:35". Mark 15:25Ver. 25. And it was the third hour, and they crucified him. The time of the daily sacrifice of the morning, at which the priests ought to have been; and the time when the sanhedrim usually began to sit {x}; for"the grand sanhedrim sat from the daily sacrifice of the morning, to the daily sacrifice of the evening:''but this being an extraordinary case, and they in a hurry to put Jesus to death, had been sitting up all night; and early in the morning had procured the sentence of death on him, which they were going to execute by the time they used to sit: this was about nine o'clock in the morning, and takes in the time between that and twelve at noon. The Ethiopic version reads, "and it was the sixth hour", to make it agree with Joh 19:14; and for the reconciling of these two places, See Gill on "Joh 19:14".{x} Maimon. Hilch. Sanhedrin, c. 3, sect. 1. Mark 15:26Ver. 26. And the superscription of his accusation,.... Or "the cause of his death", as the Syriac and Persic versions read; the crime for which he suffered:was written; over his head, upon the cross, to which it was fastened; the sum of which was,the king of the Jews; See Gill on "Mt 27:37". Mark 15:27Ver. 27. And with him they crucified two thieves,.... For his greater reproach;the one on his right hand, and the other on his left; as if he had been one of them, and a principal among them; See Gill on "Mt 27:38". Mark 15:28Ver. 28. And the Scripture was fulfilled, which saith,.... In Isa 53:12;and he was numbered with the transgressors: he was no transgressor of the law of God himself, but was perfectly conformable to it in his holy nature, harmless conversation, and complete obedience: he knew no sin, nor committed any in thought, word, or deed, nor could any be found in him by men or devils; and yet he was traduced as a sinner, and charged with many foul things, none of which could be proved upon him: but inasmuch as he stood in the room, and stead of sinners, and had all the sins of his people imputed to him, and laid upon him, with his own consent, he was treated by the justice of God as if he had been a transgressor, and was reckoned as such; of which his being placed between two thieves, was a symbol and representation: hence he was stricken, and wounded, and died, for the sins of those in whose place he stood. The fifty third chapter of Isaiah, where this passage stands, is a manifest prophecy of the Messiah, as several of the Jewish writers themselves, both ancient and modern, acknowledge; though some would apply it to some other persons {y}.{y} See my Book of the Prophecies of the Old Testament, &c. p. 160, 161, &c. Mark 15:29Ver. 29. And they that passed by,.... In the road, and went by the cross. The Arabic version adds, "before him", Christ, as he hung on the cross:railed on him, wagging their heads; gave him opprobrious language, and used indecent gestures;and saying, ah! thou that destroyest the temple; the Vulgate Latin version adds, "of God":and buildest it in three days; thou poor vain miserable creature, that boasted of thy power, where art thou now? and what dost thou think of thyself? Mark 15:30Ver. 30. Save thyself, and come down from the cross. Suggesting that if he was what he had pretended to be, and could do what he gave out he could, he might easily free himself from the cross, and make his escape; See Gill on "Mt 27:39",See Gill on "Mt 27:40". Mark 15:31Ver. 31. Likewise also the chief priests mocking,.... Or "laughed at one another", as the Syriac version renders it, having gained their point, and satiated their revenge on him:said among themselves with the Scribes; who were likewise his implacable enemies;he saved others, himself he cannot save; See Gill on "Mt 27:41",See Gill on "Mt 27:42". Mark 15:32Ver. 32. Let Christ the king of Israel,.... Who sets up for the Messiah, and whose followers call him the king of Israel, whom the nation expected: and if he is so, let himdescend now from the cross, that we may see; see him come down, and be eyewitnesses of his power:and believe; that he is the Messiah that was prophesied of, and has been waiting for:and they that were crucified with him reviled him; that is, the thieves, at least one of them; See Gill on "Mt 27:44". Mark 15:33Ver. 33. And when the sixth hour was come,.... Or twelve o'clock at noon, having hung upon the cross from about the third hour, or nine in the morning:there was darkness over the, whole land until the ninth hour; or three o'clock in the afternoon. The Ethiopic version renders the whole thus, "and when it was noon, the sun was darkened, and the whole world was darkened until the ninth hour";See Gill on "Mt 27:45". Mark 15:34Ver. 34. And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice,....See Gill on "Mt 27:46";saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? in Matthew it is, "Eli, Eli", Both "Eli" and "Eloi", are Hebrew words, and signify the same; and are both used in Ps 22:1, from whence the whole is taken:which is, being interpreted, my God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? See Gill on "Mt 27:46". Mark 15:35Ver. 35. And some of them that stood by,.... The cross:when they heard [it]; the loud voice of Jesus, and the words he uttered:said, behold he calleth Elias; whom they ignorantly, or wilfully took for Eloi; See Gill on "Mt 27:47". Mark 15:36Ver. 36. And one ran and filled a sponge full of vinegar,.... Christ at the same time saying, I thirst; see Joh 19:28;and put it on a reed; an hyssop stalk, Joh 19:29;and gave him to drink; and so fulfilled a prophecy in Ps 69:21;saying, or "they said", as the Syriac version reads it; not he that fetched the sponge, but the others that were with him, and which agrees with Mt 27:27;let alone; as forbidding him to go near him, and offer him any thing to drink:let us see whether Elias will come and take him down; from the cross; See Gill on "Mt 27:49". Mark 15:37Ver. 37. And Jesus cried with a loud voice,.... A second time, and said the words which are in Lu 23:46 and in Joh 19:30and gave up the ghost. The Syriac version renders it, "and finished": his life, his days, his race, his ministry, and the work which was given him to do; See Gill on "Mt 27:50". Mark 15:38Ver. 38. And the vail of the temple was rent in twain, from the top to the bottom. At which time also there was an earthquake, and the rocks were rent, and graves were opened, as Matthew relates,See Gill on "Mt 27:51",See Gill on "Mt 27:52". Mark 15:39Ver. 39. And when the centurion, which stood over against him,.... To watch him, that nobody released him, and that he did not come down from the cross himself;saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost; that he cried with so loud and strong a voice, and the next moment expired:he said, truly this man was the Son of God; and so said the rest of the soldiers that were with them, as appears from Mt 27:54,See Gill on "Mt 27:54". Mark 15:40Ver. 40. There were also women looking on afar off,.... At some distance from the cross, observing what was said and done;among whom was Mary Magdalene; who had received great favours from Christ:and Mary the mother of James the less; or "little", so called to distinguish him from James the son of Zebedee, and because he might be little of stature: nor was it unusual with the Jews to distinguish persons after this manner: so we read {z} of R. Jesa,aryez, "the little", and of Samuel, Nwjqh, "the little" {a}, which some have thought to be the Apostle Paul, so called from the littleness of his stature:and of Joses; or "Joseph", as the Vulgate Latin and Ethiopic versions read;and Salome; the mother of Zebedee's children, James and John;See Gill on "Mt 27:56". This was a common name among the Jews; Herod had a sister and a daughter of this name; and the daughter of Herodias, who demanded the head of John, the Baptist, was of this name; and it is the same with Shalom: we read {b} of one Imme Shalom, or mother Shalom, wife of R. Eliezer, and sister to Rabban Gamaliel. Salome, with the Ethiopians {c}, is said to be Mary's midwife, and to accompany Christ, with Mary, and Joseph, when they fled into Egypt.{z} Zohar in Exod. fol. 63. 2. & passim. {a} T. Bab. Beracot, fol. 28. 2. & 29. 1. {b} T. Bab. Sabbat, fol. 116. 1. {c} Ludolph. Lex. Ethiop. p. 525, & Castell. Lex. Polyglot, col. 3767. Mark 15:41Ver. 41. Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him,.... Wherever he went in Galilee, and from thence to Jerusalem:and ministered unto him; of their worldly substance, Lu 8:3:and many other women which came up with him into Jerusalem; from the same parts; see Mt 27:55. Mark 15:42Ver. 42. And now when the even was come,.... "Of the preparation", as the Syriac version reads; or "the night of the sixth day":, as the Persic version renders it, "Friday" night:because it was the preparation; of the passover, and of the sabbath, when they prepared their food, and got it ready for the ensuing sabbath, on which it was not lawful to dress any;that is, the day before the sabbath; that is, Friday; on which day, it is clear, Christ suffered, died, and was buried. Mark 15:43Ver. 43. Joseph of Arimathea, an honourable counsellor,.... A man of a good aspect, well dressed, and that behaved well and honourably in his office, as a counsellor: he seems to have been a priest, and one of the bench of priests that sat in the high priest's chamber, which is called, yjwwlb tkvl, "the chamber of the counsellors" {d}; with whom he advised there, in matters of moment:which also waited for the kingdom of God; for the coming and kingdom of the Messiah, for the Gospel dispensation, the world to come, the Jews were so much in expectation of.Came and went in boldly unto Pilate; not now ashamed of Christ, or afraid openly to appear in his cause, and declare himself a lover of him, a believer in him, and a disciple of his, though he formerly was:and craved the body of Jesus; desired leave to take it down from the cross, and bury it; See Gill on "Mt 27:58".{d} T. Bab. Yoma, fol. 3. 2. & Hieros. Yoma, fol. 38. 3. Mark 15:44Ver. 44. And Pilate marvelled if he were already dead,.... For death, by crucifixion, was a slow lingering death; persons that were in their full strength hung a great while before they expired; and the two thieves, which were crucified with Christ, were not dead when he was:and calling unto him the centurion; who was set to watch him:he asked him, whether he had been any while dead; he inquired of him, whether he was dead, and how long he had been dead. Mark 15:45Ver. 45. And when he knew it of the centurion,.... Who might inform him of his giving up the ghost after he had cried with a loud voice, which so much affected him; and how he was found to be really dead when they came to break the legs of the malefactors; and how that one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, from whence flowed blood and water; so that there was no room to doubt of his being really dead; with which Pilate being satisfied,he gave the body to Joseph; ordered it to be given to him; gave him leave to take it down from the cross, and inter it. Mark 15:46Ver. 46. And he bought fine linen,.... That is, Joseph, as is expressed in the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Persic versions; which, when he had done, as is highly probable, in the city of Jerusalem, he went to Mount Calvary,and took him down; took the body of Christ down from the cross; though, no doubt, with the assistance of others, or by others, and not he himself, at least not alone:and wrapped him in the linen; wound him up in it, as was the manner of the Jews; See Gill on "Mt 27:59";and laid him in a sepulchre, which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre;See Gill on "Mt 27:60". Mark 15:47Ver. 47. And Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of Joses,.... Or Joseph, as the Vulgate Latin and Ethiopic versions read:beheld where he was laid: very likely they saw Joseph, and his men, take him down from the cross, and they followed him, and observed where he laid him; or, as the Ethiopic version reads, "where they buried him"; placing themselves, as Matthew suggests, right "over against the sepulchre", Mt 27:61; so that they were witnesses of his death, and of his burial, as they afterwards were of his resurrection from the dead.
John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible.