F. THE LITEBATUBE oF THE LEVITICAL BAcnIFrOF.s. From the voluminous literature upon the Lcvitical sacrifices the following treatises are selected as of especial importance :- L BmLICAL DICTIONABIES AND CYCLOP.IEDIAB. See the relative articles in Herzog, ' Realencyklopiidie; ' Riehm, 'Hand worterbuch des Biblischen Alterthums; • Smith, ' Dictionary of the Bible; ' Winer, • Biblisches Real-Worterbuch.' II. CoJdllENTABIEB. Baumgarten, 'Theologischer Commentar zum Pent.ateuch,' two vole., Kiel, 1843, 1844; Hirsch, 'Der Pentateuch Uebersetzt und Erklart,' Frankfort, 1878, five vols. (valuable for its rabbinic lore); Joule, 'Notes on Leviticus,' London, 1879 ; Kalisch, ' Leviticus,' especially Essay A, London, 1867 ; Knobel, 'Exodus und Leviticus,' 1857 (a second edition, edited by Dillmann, which is almost a new work, was issued last year). IIL BIBLICAL A.nCH..t:OLOGY AND THEOLOGY, De Wette, 'Lehrbuch der Hebr- THE LEVITICAL SACRIFICES LITERALLY CONSIDERED. nxi
Jiidiechen Archaologie,' 4th edit., Leipsig, 1864; Ewald,' Die Alterthilmer des Volkes Israel,' 3rd edit., Gottingen, 1866 (English translation, 1876); 'Die Leh re der Bibel von Gott, oder Tbeologie des Al ten und Neuen Bundes,' four vols., Leipsig, 1871-1875; Fairbairn,' The Typology of Scripture,' two vols., 5th edit., 1870; Hofmann,' Der Schrift- beweis,' 2nd edit., three vole., Nordlingen, 1857; Hoffmann, 'Abhandlungen iiber die Pentateuch-Gesetze,' Berlin, 1878 (valuable for its acquaintance with the synagogal literature); Jatho, 'Blicke in die Be<leutung des Mosaischen Cultus,' Hildesheim, 1876; Keil,' Handbuch der Biblischen .Arcbaologie,' 1st half, 1st edit., 1858, 2nd edit., 1875; Kliefoth, 'Liturgische .Abhandlungen,' vol. iv., 2nd edit., 1858; Litton, 'The Mosaic Dispensation,' the Bampton Lecture for 1856; Lowman, 'Hationale of the Ritual of the Hebrew Worship,' London, 1748; Maurice, ' The Doctrine of Sacrifice,' new edit., London, 1879; Oehler, 'Theologie des Alten Testament,' vol. i., Tiibingen, 1873 (translated into English, 1875); Saalscbiltz, 'Archaologie der Hebraer,' two vole., 1855, 1856; Salvador, • Histoire des Institutions de Moise et du People Hebreu,' two vols., 3rd edit., Paris, 1862; Schafer, 'Die Religiosen Alterthilmer der Bibel,' Miinster, 1878; Schultz, 'Alttestamentliche Theologie,' vol. i., Frankfiirt, 1869 (2nd edit., adapting results to the hypothesis of Graf and Kuenen, 1878); Steudel, 'Vorlesungen iiber die Theologie des Al ten Testament,' Berlin, 1840; Spencer, 'De Legibus Hebrreorum et earum Rationibus,' 1st edit., 1685; Tboluck, 'Das Alte Testament im Neuen Testa- ment,' Gotha, 6th edit., 1868; Umbreit, 'Die Siinde, Beitrag zur Theologie des Alten Testament,' Gotha, 1853. IV. MoNOGBAPHS ON THE LEVITICAL SACRIFICES. Bahr, 'Symbolik des Mosaischen Cultus,' in two vols., Heidelberg, 1837 (the first volume of a second and largely altered edition was issued at the close of 1875, but upon the doctrine of sacrifice all that has appeared is in the first edition); Hengstenberg, 'Die Opfer der Heiligen Schrift,' Berlin, 1859 (translated as an Appendix to his 'Commentary on Ecclesiastes,' in the Foreign Theological Library); Kurtz, 'Der Alttestamentliche Opfercultus,' Mittan, 1862 (translated in Foreign Theological Library); Outram, 'De Sacrificiis,' 1st edit., London, 1677 (translated into English, 1817); Stocki, 'Liturgie und Dogmatische Bedeutung der Alttest. Opfer, Insbesondere in ihren Verbaltnisse zur Neutest. Opfertbeorie,' 1848; Wangemann, 'Das Oprer nach Lehre des Heiligen Schrift,' two vols., Berlin, 1866. V. REVIEW ARTICLES ON THE LEVITIOAL SAOBIFIOES. De Chareney, 'Fragments sur la Symbolique Hebraique,' in the Revue de Linguistique, April, 1879; Listov, •Was Bedeutet im Mos. Cultus das Versobnen,' in the Theological Tidskrift, 1878; Mann- heimer, 'Der Mosaismus im Gegensatz zum <Egyptenthum,' Jii.dische,s LiteTaturblatt, 1878 ; Marbach, 'Das Blut, eine 'l'heologiscbe Studie,' in Hilgenfeld's Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftlicl,e Theologie, 1866; Neumann, 'Die Opfer des Alten Bundes,' in the Deutsche Zeitschrift fur fJhristl. Wissenschaft, 1852, 1853, and 1857 ; Park, • The Divine Institution of Sacrifice,' in the Bibliotheca Sacra, January, 1876; Riehm, 'Der Begriff der Siihne im Alten Testament,' in the Studien und Kritiken, 1877. VI. MoNOGBAPHS ON RELATED THEMES. Aubei;, ' Histoire et Theorie du Sym- bolisme Religie~se,' four vols., Paris, 1872; Ebrard, ..-Uie Lehre von der Stellvertretenden Genugthuung in der Hciligen Schrift Begriindet,' Konigsberg, 1856; Klaiber, 'Die Neutest. Lehre von der Siinde und Erlosung,' Stuttgart, 1836; Kiiper, 'Das Priester- thum des .Alten Bundes,' Berlin, 1866. VII. JEWISH AND T ALMUDIO LITEBA TUBE, The tractates 'Sebachim' and 'Menachotb;' Ugolino, 'Thesaurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum.' The writings of Philo, especially the • De Victimis' and the 'De Victimas Offerentibus.' Numerous extracts in Buxtorf, •Lexicon Chaldaicum et Talmudicum;' Godwyn, 'Moses and Aaron;' Carpzov, 'Appa- ratus Criticus;' the works of Lightfoot, especially his 'Temple Service in the Days of our Saviour;' and Reland, • Antiquitates Sacra,.' The commentary upon Leviticus 01 Raschi, edited by Berliner, 1866, and Scblossberg's 'Sifra,' 1862. For a brief statement and criticism of the several schools of interpretation, the reader is referred to the chapter upon the Theories of the Old Testament Sacrifices reviewed in my work on Sacrifice, THE BOOK OF LEVITICUS.