tfonlars 88 do not directly concern the Divine Ver. 16.-Jloses called Oshea the IIOn of goTI!l'Ilment a.nd guidance ot Israel It ie 1'11ll 1eboahna. The change was from Pi?ll"I not, therefore, a serious di.fliculty tho.t the (Hoshea, help or salvation) to~M~ (Jehoshua record onl:, begins here at the point when God adopted u his own who.t had been the -the ,o.me name with the first syllable of the demo.nd of the people. If we ask why he eacred name prefixed, and one ot the vowel so adopted it, the probable 8.ll.lJWer is tho.t he points modified). It was afterwards contracted knew who.t secret diso.ffection prompted it, into p~ti.~ (Jeshua; cf. Neh. viii 17), and and to what open rebellion it would leo.d. It has come to us in its ~rrent form through wns better that such diso.trection should be the Vnlgate. The Septuagint has here allowed to ripen into rebellion before they hr..w6µ.a<1E • . r<w Avuq .. 'Iq,roiiv, and so entered their promised land. Miserable as the name appears in the New Testament. It is the desert wandering might be, it was yet an obvious difficulty that Joshua. has already a. discipline whieh prepared the nation for been ca.lled by his new name at Exod. mi. better things; whereas the invasion of Canaan 9, and in every other place where he has without strong faith, courage, and self-re- been mentioned. In fact he is only once straint (such as they showed under Joshua} elsewhere called Hoshea, and that in a place could but have ended in national disaster and (Dent. xxxii. 44} where we should certainly dostructiou. Of every tribe of their fa.thers not have expected it. There are two ways shall ye send a man. This we.s not po.rt of of explaining the difficulty, such as it is. the original proposition (Deut. i. 22), but We may suppose that the change of name was we.s agreeable to the general pl'&etice in really made at this time, a.s the narrative matters of no.tional concern, and was no seems (on the face of it) to assert; a.nd then doubt commanded in order that the whole the previous mentions of Joshua by his snb- people might she.re in the interest and re- sequent and more familiar name will be ca.ses sponsibility of this survey. Every one a of that anticipation which is so common in ruler among them. This does not mean Scripture (cf., e. g., Matt. ix. 9 with Mark ii. that they were to be the tribe princes (as the 14}. Or we may suppose, what is perhaps names show), for they would not be suitable more in harmony with the course of Joshua's in r~ect of age, nor could they be spared life, that the cha:nge had been already made for thlll service. They were "heads of the at the time of the victory over Amalek. In children of Ismel" (ver. 3), i. e. men of that case the Vav consec. in t(lP,~l (and position e.nd repute, but also no doubt com- .• called) must be referred to the order of paratively young and o.ctive, ns befitted a thought, not of time, and a suflicien t reason toilsome and ha.za.rdous e:x:cursion. must be shown for the interpolation of the Ver. 4.-These were their names. None statement in this particular place. Such a of these names oceu.r elsewhere, except those reason mo.y fairly be found in the probable of Ca.lab a:nd Joshua. The order of the tribes fact tha.t the names of the spies were copied is the same e.s in eh. t, except tho.t Zebulnn out of the tribsl registers, and that Joshua is separated from the other sons of Leah, and still appeared under his original name in pla.ced a.fter Benjamin, while the two sons of those registers. As to the si~ifica.nce of the Joseph are separated from one another. In change, it is not easy to estimate it o.right. ver. 11 "the tribe of Joseph " is e:x:plai.ned On the one hand, the sacred syllible entered to be " the tribe of Mane.sseh ; " elsewhere it into so many of the Jewish nnmes that it is either common to both, or confined to could not have seemed o. very marked change; Ephraim (see Rev. vii, 8, and cf. Ezek. on the other hand, the fact that ou.r Saviour xxnii. 16). No spy was sent for the tribe received the somo name because he wa.s our of Levi, because it was now understood to Saviour throws a ho.lo of glory about. it have no territorio.l claims upon the land of which we cannot ignore. In the Divine promise, and to stand altogether by itself in providence Hosheo. became Joshllll because relation to the national hopes nnd duties. he was destined to be the temporal saviour Ver. 6.-Caleb the son of le:1,>hunneh. of his people, and to leo.<l them into their In eh. :rxrii. 12 he is called "the Kenezite" promised rest. ('n)O), which appears in Gen. xv. 19 as the Ver. 17.-Get you up this way south• name of one of the ancient races inhabiting ward. Rather, "get you up there (MJ) in the promised lo.nd. It is possible that J e- the N ep;eb." The N egeb, meaning liternlly phunneh ma:, have been connected by descent "tho dryness," was the south-western dis• or otherwise with this race ; it is more likely trict of Csnaa.n, which bordered upon the that the similarity of name was o.ccidentnl. desert, and partook more or less of its The younger son of Jephunneh, the fother character. Except where syrings existed, of Othniel, WIil! a Keno.z {l~i?), and so was and irrigntion could be earned out, it wa.s
I Csleb's ~ndson (see on Josh. xv. 17 ; l unfit for settled habitation. See Josh. xv. Chron. 1v. 13, 16), Kenu was also an 19; Judges i. 15, whore the sa111e wor,l is Edomitish name, used. Go up into the moutain. From the 144 TlIE BOOK OF NUMBERS. [om1. xm., xiv.