mnn with supremacy over the woman ; or under 11 doom of sterility (cf. R'lm. viii. 20). rather n confirmation and perpetuation of For thy sake. ':J:)~::l~.fl· 1. Because of thy thnt authority which hnd boon assigned to sin it required to ho such a world. 2. For the man nt the creation. Woman hacl been thy good it was better that such a curse given him ns an hclpmcct (eh. ii. 18), and should lie upon the ground. Reading 1 her relation to the m11n from the first "as instead of i, the LXX. translate iv Toi,; constitutecl on~ of de_pcndence. It was tne ,pyot1;;; and the Vulgate, In opere tuo. In rovors11l of this Divmely-cstablished order sorrow. Literally, painful laboui· (cf. ver. that had led to the fall (eh. Iii. 17). Hence- 16 • Prov. v. 10). Shalt thou ea.t of it. forth, therefore, woman was to be relegated I. ;, of its fruits (cf. Isa. i. 7; xxxvi. 16 ; to, and fixed in, her proper spher? of sub- xxxvii. 30). "Bread of sorrow" (P?. cxxvii. ordination. On account of her subJect1on to 2) is bread procured and eaten am1Jst hard man's authority a wife is described as the labour. All the days of thy life. possessecl or subjected one of a lord (eh. xx. Ver. 18.-Thorns a.lso and thistles. Terms 3 ; Dent. x.x. 22), and a husband as the lorcl of a woman (Exod. xxi. 3). Among the occurrino only here and in Hosea x. 8 the = similar ;xpressions in Isa. v. 6 ; vii. 2-3 (Ka- Hebrews the condition of the female sex was lisch, Keil, Macdonald). Shal; it bring forth one of distinct subordination, though not of to thee. I. e. these shall be 1ts spontaneous oppression anu certainlv not of slavery, as it productions ; if thou desirest anything else it too oftc~ has been in heathen and Moham- thou must labour for it. And thou shalt eat medan countries. Christianity, while placing the herb of the field. "Not the fruit of woman on the same platform with man .~.s paradise" (Wordsworth), but "the lesser regards the blessings of the gospel (qaL _m. growths sown by his own toil" (Alford)-an 28), explicitly inculcate~ her. subordma~1on intimation that henceforth man was " to be to the man in the relationslnp of marnage deprived of his former <ielicacies to such an (Ephes. v. 22; Col. iii. 18; 1 Pet. iii. 1). extent as to be compelled to use, in addition, Ver. 17.-And unto Adam he said. The the herbs which had been desi 6'Iled only for noun here used for the first time without the bruto animals ; " and perhaps also "a con- article is explained as a proper name (Keil, solation," as if promisin~ that,,. _notwith- Lanae,0 Speaker's ' Commentary'), thou~h standina the thorns and th1Stles, 1t shoul<.l perh aps it is rather designed to express t11e still yielu him smtenance" (Calvin). man's representative chara.cter (Macdonald). Ver. 19.-In the sweat of thy fo.ce (so BBcause thou hast hearkened unto the voice called, as having there its source and being of thy wife. Preceding his sentence with a there visible) shalt thou eat bread. I. e. declaration of his guilt, which culminated in all food (v-i.de Job x:xviii. 5; Ps. civ. 14; this, that instead of acting as his wife's pro- Matt. xiv.15; Mark vi. 36). "To e:i:t_bren~" tector prior to her di.qobedience, or as her is to possess the means of susta1mng lifo mentor subsequent to that act, in the hope (Eccles. v. 16 ; Amos vii. 12). Till thou of bringin~ her to repentance, he becam!l her return unto the ground (the mortality of guilty coaajutor through yielding himself to man is thus assumed as certain); for out of Eer persuasions. And hast ea~en of the tree it thou wast taken. Not declaring the of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou reason of man's cliBsolution, as if it were sha.lt not eat of it. For which a twofold involved in his original material constitution, jU:dgment is likewise pronounced upon Adam. but reminding him that in ~onsequence_ ~f Cursed is the ground. Ha' adamah, out of his transgression he had forfeited the pnv1- which man was taken (eh. ii. 7); i. e. the lege of immunity from death, and must soil outside of the garden. The language now return to the soil whence he sprung. does not necessarily imply that now, for the 'E; ~i; ;~~,pf!71c (LXX.); de qua sumptus es first time, in consequence of' the fall, the (Vulgate) ; "out of which thou wast taken" physical globe underwent a change, "be- (Macdonald, Gesenius). OD; the use of 1:;, us coming from that point onward a. realm of deformity and discord, as before it was not, n relative pronoun = i~~ cf. Gesenius, and displaying in all its sceneries and co~- 'Lex. sub nom.,' who quotes this and eh. binations the tokens of a broken consti- iv. 25 as examples. Vide also ~tanler, tution" (vide Bushnell, 'Nature and the Lcathes, 'Heh. Grum.,' p. 202; and Glass!'-1 Supernatural,' eh. vii.); simply it announces Philologire,' lib. iii. tr. 2, c. xv. p. 335. This the fact that, because of the transgression of use of 1:;,, however, !Lppears to be doubtful, which ho had been guilty, he would find and is not necessary in any of the exumplos the land beyond the confines of Eden lying quoted.
I' 2 68 THE DOOK OF GENESIS. (cu. m. 8-U)