And the eense confession a11pears to be quite a later one. It is only found in Ezra x. 11. The Hiphil of P~' in the sense of setting up, in the 11l11ce of the original meaning, to pour out, is first found in Josh. vii. 28. This use is only found elsewhere in Job, where it frequently means" molten," and thence" hard,"" firm." The adYerbial use of the infinitive ):)ii or t'::ii'I is peculiar to Joshua. The p,•::i or lance is first mentioned there. The Pentateuch has another word, nr.,,, ';,!:)1-:1-' for darkness is only found in eh. xxiv. 7. The word t:1::il for "goods" is almost peculiar to Joshua, and is described by Gesenius ns a " word of the later Hebrew." But why it is found in Joshua and not in the Pentateuch is hard to explain on the Deuteronomist revision theory. It only occlll'S elsewhere in Chronicles and Ecclesiastes. Another word occurring first in Joshua is 'J1t:I for the lords of the Philistines, implying that now, for the first time, the Israelites had come in con- tact with them, and therefore a strong argument for the early date of Joshua and for the Pentateuch having been written before the invasion of Palestine. Other words not found in the Pentateuch are 1'lf (or if we read the Hithpahel of 1 1lf the word is still, in this form, peculiar to Joshua-see note on eh. ix. 12), fll 'nt.?!:l stalks of flax; mpr, cord. The phrases ~1ll 1'1J!:) and ~,v 7!:lil appear first in Joshua, and so does the verb itotn applied to a boundary line. But this last can hardly be quoted as in any way assisting to determine the date of the book, since the Penta.tench has little or nothing about boundaries, and that the word was previously in existence is shown by the noun i15h, which is found in Genesis. On the whole the linguistic phenomena of J osbUB, •are strongly corroborative of the view taken in Section I. The number of words occurring for the first time are few. Nearly ten times as lll&ny occur for the first time in Judges. But (1) the Book of Joshua is a brief his- torical narrative, in which few unusUB,l words would be likely to occur; and (2) if written soon after the Pentateuch, when that was the only book of importance Hebrew literature possessed-a book, moreover (Josh. i. 8), which was held in the highest reverence-it would be likely to agree in its main features with the diction of its predecessor. Long settlement in Palestine, with a life of much greater liberty n,nd dignity, would bring many new words into use. And such words we find in unusual numbers in the oompa.ratively small Book of Judges.
Note B., p. xi. To the passages indicating minute personal knowledge on the part of the author of the events he was describing, eh. xvii. 14; xx. 7; xxi. 2, 4; xxii. 8, 17, 22, may be added, beside many others ,-eferred to in the notes. Note C., pp. :r.xiv., xxvii. The conclllSion to which a perusal of the latest authorities would lead the student is that Palestine was a congeries of nationalities gathered together for commercial purposes, that the Hittite element formed the larger portion of the people, and that in some way or other these independent communities had managed to escape subjection to the Hittite monarch at Carchemish, as also to Egypt. General Note. It has been the object of the writer of the following exposition to gather together the notices of locality to be found in the Old Testament, so that if a preacher finds a name mentioned elsewhere he may tarn to the Dook of Joshua for a.dditioneJ information (see Geographical Index) THE BOOK OF JOSHUA. - EXPOSITION.