" Before the exoclua the Khcta hrul become a country to which the name of Mizpeh, or the terrible rivals of Egypt, and had mingled watch-tower, seems to have been given, no their genealogy with that of the renowned doubt from its elevation. This must not, Ph11raohH of the nineteeth dyne.Hty" (Tom- however, be confounded with Mizpeh in the kine's 'Studies on the Times of Abrahe.m,' land of Benjamin (see eh. xi. 3). In 2 Sam. p. 89). It ia worthy of remark, however, xxiv. 7 they appear to have been found in the.t on the Egyptian monumen ta their the neighbourhood of Tyre, though this is lee.ders a.re spoken of as chieftain a (see note by no mee.na clear. The derivation of the on eh. ix. 3, e.nd 'Records of the Pa.at,' ii. word is uncertain. Ewald would explain it 67-78). In later times they had attained "midlander;" Geseniua explains it by to rege.l government (1 Kings x. 29; 2 Kings "village," from i1lQ to live, breathe. That vii. 6 ; 2 Chron. i. 17). It is, however, pos- sible that the proud monarch of Egypt i1~1J signifies a town or village we may would not admit the petty kings of the learn from Num. xxxii. 41, Deut. iii. 14, Hittites to an equality with himself (see Josh. xiii. 30, Judges x. 4, 1 Kings iv. 13. also note on eh. i. 4). Moses connects the The mention of their city so early as the Chittim (Num. xxiv. 24; Isa. xxiii. 1; Ezek. time of Jacob, the description given of their xxvii. 6), or the inhabitants of Cyprus, with character in that narrative, and the charac- the Hittites. Since these words were written teristic astuteness of the Gibeonites as well an able article appeared in The Times of Jan. as their unwarlike conduct, would lead t<> 23rd, 1880, on the Hittite Empire. Carche- the conclusion that they dwelt in settled mish, on the Euphrates, and Kadesh, or the habitations, not nomadic encampments, and Holy City, on the Orantes, appear to have that they gained their living chiefly by com- been the chief centres of the Hittite power. merce. We ought not to quit the subject They were "powerful enough to threaten without the remark that all we learn from Assyria on the one hand and Egypt on the Scripture concerning the Hi,ites is remark- other, and to carry the arts and culture of ably consistent, and bee.rs testimony to the the Euphrates to the Euxine and Egean scrupulous accuracy of the writers. The seas." Professor F. W. Newman, finding Perizzites. The word Perizzite signifies no mention of their existence in profane cowitryman, as distinguished from the histories, came to the usual conclusion of dwellers in houses. Thus the word signifies his school, that where the Bible mentioned "unwalled," or "open/ in Dent. iii. 5, 1
persons or nations and profane history did 1 Sam. vi. lil, and in the Keri -of Esther ix. not, it we.a quite clear the.t such persons or 19. Perhaps the reason of the omission of nations never existed. The cases of Sargon their name in Gen. x. and 1 Chron. i. mav and the Hittites may perhaps induce critics justify the supposition that they were ol n·o of this school to be 11 little less hasty hence- particular tribe, but were a collection of men forth in dismissing the statements of Scrip- from every tribe engaged in agricultural pur- ture. The site of ancient Carchemish he.s suits. Redslob (see art. in ' Dictionary of lately been discovered on the western bank of the Bible') suggests that the Havrnth (eh. the Euphrates. The Blvites, or rather Hiv- xiii. 30) were pastoral, the Pemzoth agri- vites. The ne.me of this tribe is not found cultural villages. This is to a certain ex- in the first enumeration of the nations of tent borne out by the fact that HaV\·oth sig- Canaan (Gen. xv. 19-21), but we find the nifies "living places," and Perazoth" places name in the list of Canaan's descendants in spread out," as well as by the fact that the Gen. x. 17 and 1 Chron. i. 15. Shechem, trans-Jordanic tribes were specially pastoral the prince of the city of that name, was 11 in their habits. Passages such as 2 Sam. Hivite (Gen. xxxiv. 2), though some copies v. 20, vi. 8, 1 Chron. xiv. 11, Isa. xxviii. 21 of the LXX. read Horite for Hivite without are cited o.s illustro.tive of this word, but eno- authority. The Hivites then (Gen. xxxiv. neously, for in the Hebrew the letter is Tza,le, 10-21) seem, e.s afterwards in the case of the e.nd not Zain, as here. Ritter regards the wonl ~ibeonites, to have been a peaceful, commer- as analogous to Pharisee, from phara.sh, to c1al race. The character of the Shechemites separate, and regards them as nomad tribes. afterwards seems to have been unwarlike. But the authority of Ewald and Gesenius At least they were neither very spirited nor must outweigh his. The Glrgashites. They successful in their military enterprises, are not mentioned in Scripture, s1ive in Josh. as the narrative in Judges ix. shows. The xxiv. 11, Gen. xv. 21, Dent. vii. 1. They voluptuous beauty of the place, testified to were therefore no doubt a small tribe, in- ~y so tnany modern travellers, such as Rob- habiting, it has bee11 supposecl, the country mson, Vandevelde;, &c., falls in well with of Gergesa or Gere.se. (as some editions read the character of the inhabitants. A colony in Matt. viii. 28) upon the lake of Genne- ?I Hivites seem to have dwelt in the north, sareth. But this was on the other si,le of 111 the highlimds beneath Mount Hermon, J ordnn. If therefore there be cmy connea- 54 TlIE nooR OF JOSHUA. [on. tt1. 7-17.