einunt" (Tacit., 'Hist.,' v. 5). It appeara (Ewald, 'Antiquities of Israel,' p. 102). In that by many of them at least, the com- the sabbath institute, therefore, lies the basis mo.ndment was rego.rded ne prohibiting of spiritual worahip and pio118 service in nbsolutely the gruphio nnd plnstic arts Israel. (Philo 'Quie Rer. Div. Hmr. sit.,' p. 4!J6, Ver. 16.-The germ of society is the edit. Mcmgey; 'De Ebriet.,' J.l· 374; 'De family, and the family is sustained only as Gig11nt.,' p. 270). Thie mo.y occount for the the authority and rule of the heads of the Jow sto.te of these arts o.mong the Jews, nnrl house are upheld and respected. The com- for the fact that they a.lone of the civilized mand, then, to honour parents may be justly uo.tions of antiquity havo left no monuments regarded as asserting the foundation of all of a.rt for the instruction or admiration of socio.I ordinances and arrangements. Whero posterity. Thou ahalt not bow down thy- parents are not honoured, a flaw lies at the self UJ1to them, nor aene them j LXX., O~ basis, o.nd the atability of the entire social 1rpo11,cvvfi11«s a.b-ro'is, o/,8~ µ-/i >-.a.Tp<6u11s fabric is endangered. a.v-ro'is. Every kind of worship of images is Vera. 17-21.-SEC0"'1D TABLE OF THE forbidden, alike that of proskuneaia and that L..t.w: prll!cepta probitatis. of lalria. And ahewing mei'oy unto thou- In the enactments of the second table e11nds; i.e. to the thousandth generation there is a prog-ression from the outward to (cf. eh. vii. 9) . the in word. First, sins of deed are pro- Ver. 11.-Thou ahalt not take the name of hibited, such as murder, adultery, and tbeft; the Lord thy God in vain; litero.lly, Thou then sins of word, such as injury of a neigh- shalt not tal,e [or lift] up the Name of Jehovah bour's good name by false testimony; am! thy God to tJanity. This commandment finally, sins of the heart, wb.ich <lo not forbids not only all false swearing by the come into open manifestation, such as cove- Name of God, but o.ll profonation of that tousness and evil desire. The "comman,1- No.me by an irreverent or light use of it ment" is thus seen to be" exceeding broad" (Lev. xix. 12). (Ps. cxix. 96). So that only the man" who Vers. 12-H.-Keep the sabbath day to bath clean hands and a pure heart, and who e11nctify it, aa the Lord thy God bath com- bath not lifted up his soul to vanity, nor manded thee. This phraseology implies that sworn deceitfully," shall "ascend into the the sabLath institute was o.lreo.dy well hill of the Lord, or stand in his holy place " known to the people of Isro.el; so that this (Ps. x.xiv. 3, 4). commandment wo.s intended, not to enact 11, Vers. 22-27.-Here is an expanded cita- new observance, but to enforce the continu- ance of an observo.nco which had come down tion of Exod. xx. 15-18, addressed by to them from earlier times. The so.bbath Moses to prepare the way for the solemn wo.s to be kept by being sancUfied. This admonition to observe and do all that the meo.ns tho.t it was to be consecrated to God Lord had commanded them, with which he to be used ns he ho.d appointed. The sanctifi- passes on to the enunciation of the various cation of any object "al wo.ys goes back to an net of the Divine will, to Divine election statutes and ordinances he had been en- and institution. In other words, it is always joined by God to lay upon them. a state in which the creature [or institute] Ver. 22.-And he added no more. "Only is bound to God by the appointment of God these ten words did God speak immediately himself, which is expressed by eo·,,i?, r.;:!R, to you; all the rest he spoke afterwards by lii•":tR;:1, r.;~p" (Oehler, • Theology of the Old me" (Herxheirner); cf. Numb. xi. 25, where Testament,' vol. i. p. 155). The sanctifica- the same formula occurs, ·• and they addcu. tion of the s11,bbath, o.ccordingly, wns the not," i.e. they prophesied only when the consecrntion of tho.t d11,y to the Lord, to be Spirit of God came on them, but this was obsc1·ved as he had enjoined, thnt is, a.a a. not continuous. And he wrote them in two doy of rest from all servile work and ordin- tables of stone. This anticipates whnt is ary occupotions. Among the Jews, those recorded in its proper historical counection who were careful to keep this lo.w "rested in eh. ix. 10, 11. the sobbuth dny nccordiug to the commnnd- Vers. 23-27.-In a purely historical tnent" (Luke xxiii. 56). Not, however, in narrative such as that in Exodus, a condensed mere indolence and idle vacnuoy, unworthy statement of what took place ou this occa,;iou of a man. Not thus could .the do.y bo was sufficient; but in 11,u au.dress to the snnclified to the Lord. Man hnd to" releo.se people, it was fitting that Moses should give hi_s soul and body from o.ll· their burdens, it in fuller detail, especially iu view of wh11; with all the professions and pursuits of follows. ordina1·y life, only in oru.e1· to gather himself Vers. 28, 29.-The words of God in reply together ngnin in God with greater pmity to those of the people are not given in am\ fewer distmbing elements, and renew Exodus; here they are fittingly inserted in him the might of his own better powera" God approved of their words be~aU:ie the1 88 'rRE BOOR OF DEttTEtlO:NOMY. ten:. v. 1-::13.
expre~•ed " proper reverence attd I\ due sense comml\ndments and communicntlng them to on th<'ir pnrt or the unworthiness of sinful the people. mpn t" ('Omc into the prc-senre of the greRt Vere. 82, 33.-llfoses winds up this pnrl nnd lwly God; but knowing their fickleness, of his discourse by exhorting them to ob- nnd pr!1ncnesa to forget and depnrt from him. he added. Oh that there were B110h an sor1·e nnd do nil God's commnndmcnts, not heart in them that they would fear me and in any way departing from thnt courso of keep all my oommandments always ! God action to which ho had cnlled them, thnt looks upon the heart, And will accept no they might lirn. nnd it should bo well with' serYice or worship that is not rendered from them in the land they were nhout to possess. the heRrt. Only they who do his will from the henrt (Eph. Yi. G) really fear nnd keep Ver. 32.-To the right hand or to the left, "'l'hi■ signifieth an exnct onro to wo.lk in his ('Olllmnndments. The tongue may some- times promis0 what the her.rt does not God's Lnw, o.s in the highwny, from which guarnnt<'e; nnd so when the occasion that men may not turn aside, as in Deut. ii. 27 " provoked the utterance has passed, the whole (Ainsworth); cf. eh. xvii. 11, 20; xxviii. 14: mny be forgotten, ancl the promise nerer be Josh. i. 7; Prov. iv. 27; Isa. xxx. 21. "To fulfilled. receive what God enjoins is only half obedi- ence; it belougs thereto o.lso thnt-nothing ,·ers. 30, 31.-The people were t•,::1111- be required beyond this. We must not desire mauded to return to their tent;;, and llloses to be more righteous thnn o.s we a.re to.ught WL\S nppointed to net as mediator betil•een by 1.he Law" (Calvin). God nnd tbem, receiving from him his