Men naturally expect a special readiness of sympathy and co-operation from those v.:~o are united to them by blood or family ties. And resentment caused by oppo• s1tion from such relations as wife or children often assumes a peculiar intensity. But weak and eelf-willed minds are apt to abuse these ties by exacting more than is just. \Ve should be especially considerate in our demands on the obedience or service of those who have the highest claims on our respect and love. 3. The rebellion was made public. A private humiliation is much more easily borne than one suffered in presence of many. Vashti's refusal to appear was announced before the princes and the assembled citizens. This circumstance would add a sting to the affront, e.nd supply fuel to the flame of the king's wrath. One of the penalties of wrong-doing is that it cannot be kept secret. In its effects at least it is sure to become known and to bring confusion and shame on the evil-doer. 4. The rebellion occurred at a~ un- fortunate time. It was just before the close of the prolonged festival that the queen failed in submission to her husband's command. So far all had gone well. All ranks had been obsequious and flattering. Not a jarring note had arisen to disturb the serenity of the vain king's heart. But now, when the triumph seemed complete, the glory of it was utterly despoiled by the disobedience of Vashti. A bitter sense of humiliation and a burning anger were the necessary results. 5. The rebellion was produced by the king's own act. He had been guilty of a folly that was full of risk. The consciousness that he had brought the dishonour on himself would be no salve to his mind. It would only aggravate the wound that had been inflicted on his pride, and the helpless rage that unmanned him. Sufferings, however severe, that come on us from without a.re light compared with those that are hatched by our own follies and misdeeds. It has been often observed that the hatred of ungodly men is greater to those whom they have injured than to those from whom they have received injury. According to this law of the natural heart, the anger of the king against Vashti, instead of being allayed or softened, would be increased by the knowledge that she had been driven to rebellion by his own foolish conduct. It should be remarked, however, that though the king's anger can be understood and explained, it cannot be approved. For- I. ANGER IS NEVER DIGNIFIED. It shows a want of self-command. The king lost dignity when he became "very wroth" in presence of his guests. He was no longer king, but a suffering subject under the will or caprice of Vashti, Anger always makes a man look inferior to the occasion that gives birth to it. II. ANGEB INVARIABLY ADDS TO A SUPPOSED OR BEAL HUMILIATION. If the king had received Vashti's refusal to obey him with a calm mind and a pleasant countenance, as a thing personal to himself and Vashti, and therefore above the observance of the crowd, the last hour of the banquet might have been in keeping with all the other hours that had preceded it. But his breaking into an ungovernable fury brought the festival to a miserable close. The princes and people separated in confusion and fear. The king's anger did not mend matters. Ill. ANGER rs ALWAYS UNJUST. There can be no true judgment when the mind is perturbed by wrathful feelings. The angry man is shut up to one view of the con- duct that has enraged him. He sees everything through the mist of his passion. The last man to judge or act truly is he who has given up the reins of temper, and yielded himself to the power of anger. IV. ANGER IS ALWAYS SELFISH. It is violently selfish. Like the king of Persia, it has no consideration for the thoughts, influences, or circumstances which have actuated those against whom it is turned, or for the initiative or contributory wrong-doing ~f the heart in which it burns. While it lasts it is simply absorbed by the self that 1s pained, and has no regard for others. All the springs of charity are dried up when anger rules a soul. v. ANGEB IBA PROLIFIC CAUSE OP INJ'UBTICE AND CRUELTY. It led Ahasuerus, as we shall see to be unjust and cruel to Vashti. But to what terrible and varied crimes does it give birth in ordinary life I What a place it occupies in our criminal records I How many injure others and. ruin themselves by giving "place t? wrath I ''. There is much in the every-day expenence of the world to warn men against allowmg them• selves to yield to the power of anger. VI. ANGER lB J. BIN AG,6.INST THE CHRISTIAN RULE .)Jj' LIFJ!:. There is 1m anger OB. I. 10-22.] THE BOOK OF ESTHER. 33
which is Christlike. "Be ye angry and sin not,'' said Paul. But that is an anger, or holy indignation, against sin and its temptations. It has reference to things that are evil, and not to persons. Jesus himself hated sin and all its works, but he loved sinners and died for them. We cannot cherish at the same time the forgiving spirit of Christ and the feeling of anger towards any man. It was at once a recognition of our weakness, and a desire that we should strive to overcome it, that led the apostle to write, "Let not the sun go down upon your wrath." Additional lessons :-We have here an instance of-1. A just punishment. The king's vanity, inflamed by wine, brought upon him a severe retribution. Nebuchad- nezzar's madness, and David's grief under the pestilence, were heavy punishments of a vain presumption. But to such a man as Ahasuerus the rebellion of his queen, with all its attendant circumstances, was about as weighty an infliction as was possible. It was peculiarly fitting to the case. 2. A sandy foundation. No miracle was needed to bring down into humiliating collapse the edifice of vain-glory which the king had been laboriously rearing for himself throughout the festival. Many a showy fabric thus unexpectedly tumbles about the head of its builder. A little thing will destroy a false grandeur, an unprincipled reputation, or a selfish happiness. A building to stand must have a good foundation. There is only one foundation-that of God's truth and love in Jesus Christ-on which character, reputation, life-influencP,, happiness, and hope may safely build. Build there, and when all the storms of li±e have done their worst, you and your life-work will still abide. The kingdom of Christ is an everlasting kingdom. "They that trust in the Lord shall never be put to shame.!'-D.