from the Persian e.nd the Arabic. Other useful English commentaries are thoBe of Bishop Wordsworth (London, 1865-71), Canon Cook (London, 1873),1 and Dr. Stanley Lea.thee (London, Paris, and New York, 1884).1 CRnon Cook also published an important article on Job (not altogether 1mperseded by the Introduction to his 'Commentary ') in Dr. William Smith's 'Dictionary of the Bible,' in the year 1863. An article of less value, but still of some interest, will be found in Kitto's 'Biblical Cyclo- pmdia' (Edinburgh, 1856). Mr. Froude's essay on 'The Book of Job' belongs to the year 1853, when it appeared in the Westminster Review. Highly ingenious, and characterized by his wonted vigour and eloquence, it will always be read with plea.sure and advantage, but is unsatisfactory from a deficiency of critique, and a rather narrow prejridice against orthodoxy. Among other minor works on Job are 'Qumstionum in Jobeidos Locos Vexatos,' by Hupfeld, published in 1853; 'Animadver- siones Philologicm in Jobnm,' by Schultens (Utrecht, 1708); 'Jobi' Physica Sacra.,' by Schenchzern (Zurich, 1721); 'Kleine Geographisch- historische Abha.ndlung zur Erlii.n.ternng einiger Stellen Mosis, und Vor- nehmlich des ga.nzen Buchs Hiob,' by Koch (Lemgo, 1747) ; ' Observa- tiones Miscella.nem in Librnm Job,' by Bonillier (Amsterdam, 1758) ;' 'Animadversiones in Librnm Job,' by Eckerma.nn (Lubeck, 1779); 'Notes on the Book of Job,' by the Rev. A. Barnes (London, 1847); 'Comment' on Job,' by Keil and Delitzsch (in T. Clark's series), Edinburgh, 1866; 'The Book of Job, as expounded to his Cambridge Pupils,' by Hei-m8.Illl' Hedwig Bernard (Cambridge, 1884); and 'Comme~tary on Job,' by the Rev. T. Robinson, D.D., in the 'Preacher's Commentary on the Old Testament' (London, 1884). 1 Published in the • Speaker's Commentary,' vol. iv. pp. 1-145. • Published in the •Old 'reete.ment Oommentary for English Readers,' of :Bishop Ellicott, vol. iv. pp. 1-75. • THE BOOK OF JOB. htTBODUOTOBY SECTION. Cs. I, AND II. HISTORIOAL ACCOUNT OF J OB's AFFLICTIONS,
EXPOSITION. which they inhabited. The" le.nd of Uz" CHAPTER I. is spoken of, not only in this pBBBage, but The "Historical Introduction" to Job aleo in Jer. xxv. 20 and Le.m. iv. 21. These l1111t-oit.ed places seem to show that Jere- extends to two chapters. In the first we roia.h'e "land of Uz" was in or near Edom, are given an account, firstly, of hie outward e.nd therefore south of Palestine; but as ciroumste.noee-hie abode, wealth, family, Uzzitee, like so many nations of these parts, eto., e.nd -of his character (vere. 1-5); were migratory, we need not be surprised secondly, of the ci-rcumetancee under which if the name Uz was, at different times, God allowed him to be tried by nfflic- attached to various localities. Arabian tra- dition regards the region of the Hil.uran, tione (vere. 6-12); thirdly, of the earlier north-east of Palestine, a.e Job's country. afflictions tbemeel vee (vers. 13-19); and, The other geographical names in the Book fourthly, of his behaviour under them (vere. of Job point to a. more ea.stern location, one 20-22). The second chapter gives, firstly, not for remote from the southern Euphrates, the ground of his further trinl (vera. 1-6); a.ad the adjacent pa.rte of Arabia. Sheba, Dede.n, Teman, Buz, Shua.h. and Chesed _secondly; the nature of it, and his behaviour (Casdim) all point to this locality. On the under it (vers. 7-10); e.nd thirdly, the other hand, there is a passage in the in- coming of hie three friends to him, and scriptions of Asshur-bani-pa.l (circ. B.O. their behaviour (vers. 11-13). The narra- 650-625) which, associating together the tive is characterized by remarkable eimpli- names of Huz a.ad Buz (Khe.zu and Ba.zu), appears to place them both in Central Axabia., ci ty e.nd directness. It h1111 a decided air not far from the Jebel Shamme.r (' .Ancient ·of antiquity a.bout it, and presents but few Monarchies,' vol. ii. p. 470). My own con- linguistic diffi.oultiee. clusion would be that, while the name "land of Uz" designated at various periods various Ver. !.-There was e. man. This opening localities, Job's "land of Uz" lay e. little presents to us the Book of Job as a detached west of the Lower Euphrates, on the borders work, separate from e.nd independent of all of Che.Idea and Arabia. Whose name was others. The historical books are generally J'ob. In the Hebrew the name is "lyyob," united ea.eh to ea.oh by the 11au connective. whence the "Eyoub" of the A.robs a.ad In the le.nd of Uz. Uz, or Huz (Hebrew, the "Hiob" of the Germans. It is quite y111), seems to have been originally, like e. distinct name from that of the thiru son Juda.b, Moab, Ammon, Edom, eto., the name of Issa.char (Gen. xlvi.18), which is properly of a me.n. It w11e borne by a. son of Nabor, expressed by "Job," being :ii•. Iyyob is the brother of Abraham (Gen. xxii. 21), and supposed to be derived from aib (:i:~), "to a.gain by e. son of Dishan, the son of Seir be hostile," and to mean " cruelly or hos- the Horite (Gen. xxxvi. 28). Some regard tilely treated," in which case we must sup- it e.s e.lso a personal name in Gen. x. 23. pose it to have been first given to the Bnt from this use it pa.seed to the de- patriarch in hie later life, and to bave .l08ndants of one or more of these patriarchs, superaeded eome other, as "Peter" super- and from them to the oountry or oountrillS seded " Simon," &nd "Paul " superseded JOB, B 2 THE BOOK OF JOB. [orr. 1, 1-22.