from anywhere-this delicacy (feinheit) Pro- was the genera.I word in Babylon for" east." fessor Behrmrinn hits ovedooked. Kra.nich- It is used in this pns:;age in its original fcltl o.nd Zoclder follow this. The view of meaning of" seaward." From the fact that, Bishop Nowton, followed by Archdeacon to the prophet writing in Babylun, tho Rose, is that the erist had no importanco to nearest sea was to the eo.st, it by tb i~ the Jows; but north and south had just n. ocoident happens to mean "cast." To tho little. Jophct-ibn-Ali and several modern Ninevites the Perai,1n Gulf was "the scu of comrncntntors think tho threo directions, e.s the sunrise." 2-10 THE DOOR OF DANIEL. [en. vm. 1-27.
No symbol <'ould oxpreee in II more gra.phic fact. It docs not occur In Wcstcrn way th<' mpidity of the conqueete of Alex- Arn.ma.io, but doee in Eaerorn (comp. Po- 11nder the Grc11i ihnn this of tbe goa.t thRt shitta 2 Sam. xviii. 83; Acte xvii. 16). H fl,•w over the ground. One can parallel is quite euch a word ns R man writing with this the fonr wings of the leopard in among those who spoke Eastern Aramnio <'h. vii. It is singuhu that Alexander should might nee. Alexander a.dvanccd o.Jwaya J!<'nerally on hie coins be figured as horned. against Dnrius; be would not oven speak of Hnd this Yision been due to a knowledge of treating with him. After tho po.ssnge of this-which could not have escaped a Jew the Grn.nicus, he pushed on to Cilicin, of the d11ve of the Me.ooabeee-tbe writer overthrew D11rius at Issue, n.c. 833 ; thon, would certainlv have made Alexander not a~tcr th1:conquestof Egypt, o.dvnnccd ngninst a goat.. but a ni.m. &e it ie a ram's horn that 1nm again at Arbcla, and once more inflicted is intended to be figured on the port.mits of on him an overwhelming dofont. When Alrxander. Ae everybody knows, this refc!'ll Darius fled from the field, Alexander pur- to t.hc fable that he wae the son of Jupiter sued him to the shor<'s of the Caspian and Ammon, the ram-horned. It is difficult t,o int,o Bactria and Sogdiano., till Darius fell a.ssign a rc&l!On why the goat was chosen as a victim t,o the treachery of Bcssus. Ccr• the symbol of the Grecian power, save that, tainly relentlessness Wa8 the most nmrkcd 11s compared with the Persian power, the character of Alexander's pursuit of Dnrius. Greek was the more agile. The home of the Persinn power were broken, Yer. 6.-And he came to the ram tb&t bad thrown t,o tho earth, and trodden under- two hol"llll, which I had seen standing before foot. the river, and ran unto him in the fury of Ver. 8.-Therefore the he-goat waxed very his power. The differences of the Septuagint great: and when he was strong, the great from the received text are slight here. Oobal horn was broken ; a.nd for it came up four is still trn.nslatcd ..-u,1.11; it renders, "fury of notable ones toward the four winds of his r&f!:e" rather than" fury of his power." heaven. The two Greek versions differ The Mo.ssoretic, ae the less obvious colloca- from the Massoretic only in this-that the tion, ie the better reading. Theodotion four horns are not mentioned as notable nnd the Pcshitta leave oobal untranslated. home, but simply ~.-,pa, "other." The The latter omits the last clause of the Peshitta agrees closely with the Mo.ssoretio. llla.ssoretic. In the Hebrew the ram is The Greek versions indicate that the reading called Baal-karnayeem., "lord of two horns." they had before them was 'al;aroth instead of Alexander's war against Persia was one of lµLzooth; ];azooth has been borrowed from the simple aggression. fifth verse. Tho empire of Alexander had Yer. 7.-And I saw him come close unto reached its greatest extent when the young the ram, and he was moved with choler conqueror fell a victim t,o what seems against him, a.nd smote the ram, and brake malarial fever, aggravated by his drinking. his two horns : a.nd there was no power in His life was broken oft' before its legitime1te the ram to stand before him, but he cast conclusion. At his aeath there was greo.t him down to the ground, and stamped upon confusion. Perdicco.s assumed the guardian• him: a.nd there was none tha.t could deliver ship of the children of the conqueror, and the ram out of his hand. The two Greek attempted t,o succeed him in the empire. versions, though di.lfering very much in the After his death Antigonus in tum attempted Greek words chOl!Cn as equivalent to the to secure the imperial power, but was Hebrew, yet both represent a text practi- defeated and slain at the battle of Ipsus. rall v identical with that of the Ma.ssoretes. The empire of Alexander wne then divided The Peshitta omits the introductory "be- inro four main portione-MMiedonia and hold," but otherwise can scarcely be said Greece, under Caesander ; Asia Minor, under to differ essenti&lly from the received text, Lysimachus ; Syrie. and all the East, under though there are some peculiarities due to Seleucus; and Egypt and Cyrene, uuder mistaken reading, but unimportant. The Ptolemy. In the two first of these there word yithmannar, "he was embittered," ie were several revolutions, but finally the e. word that occurs here and in. the eleventh Antigonids established themselves in Mace- chapter. The root, however, a.e might be don, and the Atta.lids in Asia Minor. guessed from ~ts mean~g, is not Ullcommon, Ver. 9.-And out of one of them came heina found In Genesis. ExodUB, Samuel, forth a little horn, which waxed exceeding Rings, Isaiah, Ruth, Job, and Zechariah. great, toward the south, and toward the How Professor Bevan can class this with east, and toward the pleasant land. The "words or roots which occur nowhere else Greek versions here differ considerably from in the Old Testament" it is difficult to see. the Massoretic text. The LXX. is as If thif! po.rt of the verb occurs in later follows: " And out of one there sprang a. Jc,"i;,b litcro.ture, it is singular that strong horn, and it preve.iled and emote w,ither Iluxtorf nor Levy chronicles the toward the south, roward the south-west CII, VIII, 1-27.) THE BOOK OF DANIEL. 241