Bhe.11 no more be remembered by their name;" e.nd Exod. xxiii, 18. Ch. vi. 2, "We Bhe.ll live in his sight;" and Gen. xvii. 18. Oh. xii. 6 (6, Hebrew), "Even the Lord God of hosts; the Lord is his memorial·" 11,nd Exod. iii. 15, "This is my Ne.me for ever, and this is my memorie.i," Ch. ix. 4, "Bread of monl'Jlers ; " and Deut. xx:vi. 14. Oh. xii. 9, "Will yet make thee to dwell in te.bernacles; " and Lev. :xxii.i. 43. Ch. viii. 13, "They shall return to Egypt ; " e.nd Dent. xxviii. 68, "The Lord she.11 bring thee into Egypt again." Oh. ix. 10, "I found Israel .•• in the wilderness• " and Dent. xxxii. 10. ' Other books beside the Pentateuoh have had some influence on the writings of Hosea. He wa.s certainly cognize.nt of the Song of Songs. The relation of Isra.el to Jehovah under the figure of e. wife with her loving spouse, which runs through Hosee.'s prophecy, is equally fa.milie.r to us in the Ce.nticles. The expressions at the end of the book, " He shall grow as the lily •.. his beauty shall be as the olive tree, and his smell as Lebanon," recall the description of the bride in Cant. ii. 2 and iv. 11, "As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters . . . the smell of thy garment.a is like the smell of Lebanon." So a.gain, "Plead with your mother, plead,'' reminds one of the passage (Cant. viii. 2) where the bride desires to lead the bridegroom into her mother's house. Amos, too, Hosea's immediate predecessor, wa.s not unknown to him. He reproduces Amos'e allusion to Beth-aven (eh. iv. 15, etc.; Amos i. 5; v. 5). He borrows (eh. viii 14) the formula with which Amos concludes his seven denuncia- tions (Amos i 11), "I will send e. fire upon his cities, and it shall devour the pe.le.ces thereof." He uses Am.os's figure of the lion's roar for the voice of God's vengeance (comp. eh. ri 10 with Amos i 2 e.nd Joel iii. 16, which is similar). § IV. LITEBATUBL As Hosea is the first of the minor prophets, it will be useful to name the chief commen- tators upon the whole twelve, or ma.ny of them, before mentioning those who have treated the particular book before us. In this category, of the Fathers and early writers we may cite St. E phraem Syrus, who annotates seven of the twelve; Cyril of Alexandria, followed in a great measure by Theophylact in his commentary on five of the twelve; 'l'heodoretus o_f Cyrus; 8t. Jerome, epitomized by Ha.imon (Migne, ' Pa.tree Lat.,' tom. cxvii. ), Of medireval and later writers1 the most useful a.re: Albertus :Ma.gnus, Ribera, Arias Monta.nus, Rupertus, Cornelius ii. Lapide, Sanctius (Sanchez), (Lyon, 1621), Luther, Calvin, CEcola.mpa.dius, Calmet, Cocceius; Rosenmiiller, 'Scholia in Vet. 'l'est.' (Lips.: 1812); J. Lightfoot, 'Versiones,' Works, x.; Stii.udlin (Stutg.: 1786); Hitzig, 'Die zwolf Klein. Pro:ph,,' 4th edit. by Steiner (1881); Henderson,' The Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets' (Lona. : 1845); Archbishop Newcome, '.A.n Attempt,' etc., new edit. (1836); Hengstenberg, • Christology;' Umbreit, 'Die Klein. Proph.' (Hamb.: 1844:); Keil, translated.in Clarke:s • TheoL Lib.;' Dr. Pusey,' The Minor Prophets' (Oxf.: 1860-1877); Remke, 'Die Messianish. Weissa.g.' (Giessen: 1861, 1862); Schegg, 'Die Klein. Proph.' (Regensburg: 1862); Cowles (New York: 1867); Troch_on, in 'La Sa.in~ Bible avec commen~.• (Pa.rill: 1886); Kna.benba.uer, in • Curs us Scnpturre Sa.era,' (Paris: 1886); Ewald, 'Die Prophet. d. Alt. Bun des' (1868, etc.); W. B. Smith, 'Th_e Pr~phets of Israel' (Edi_n- burgh : 1882). There are a few Jewish commentators which will be found useful, viz. Jarchi, trauslakd into Latin by Breithaupt (Gotha.: 1713); Kimchi, and Abeu Ezra, all THE ROOK OF HOSEA. xiii
in Duxtorf's 'Rabbinical Bible,' vol. iii. (Arnst.: 1724-1727). Of special commentaries devoted to Hosea, we not.e the following: Origen, 'Select& in Oseam,' Migne, xi. ; Ephraem Syrus, • Expln.natio in Oseam,' Opera, v.; Luther, ' Enarratio;' Abarbanel, 'Comment. in llos.' (L. Bat.: 1687); Burroughes, 'Exposition' (Lond.: 1643); Schmidt (Francf.: 1687); Pocock, 'Commentary' (Oxf.: 1686); Van der Hardt, • Hoseas Illustrat.' (Helmsb.: 1702); Neale, 'Trans!. and Comm.' (Lond.: 1771); Kuinoel 'Rosem Oracub' (Lips.: 1792); Dishop Horsley (Lond.: 1801-1804); Stuck,• Hoseas Pr~heta' (Lip~. : 1828); Simson, • Der Proph. Hos. _erklii.rt' (Hamb. : 1851); Schroder eipz.: 1829); WUnscbe, • Der Proph. iibers.' (Le1pz. : 1868, 1869); Drake, •Notes' Camb.: 1853) • Prof. Cheyne, in the •Cambridge Bible for Schools' (1884 ). • '
• As Professor Given died while this volume was passing through the press, this Intro- uuoliou was written by the Rev. W. J. DeBne, M.A. THE BOOK OF HOSEA.