The Pulpit Commentary — Amos — Section 62

,elves under God'1ohasti1ements (vem. 6-11); the passage. The former (acoord.ing to the therefore they must expect further punishment, Ve.tican manuscript) has, Kal Tol,r µ.,II ~µ.iov if 10 be that they will leaTn to fear the Lurd .11 J1.l{J11Ta.r fnro1ra,oµ.lvov1 Jµ.{Ja>.ova-.v lµ...-vpo, Jl.01µ0[. " And fiery de~troyers shall cast Lhose (vers. 12, 13). with yon into boiling caldrons;" the latter, Ver. 1.-The very women are leaders in Et le11abunt 'VOS in contis, et reUquias ust.-a, dissolutenes& and oppression. Ye kine ot in ollis fer11entibus. (For the explanation Baehan. Fat and well-liking, snch as the of these versions, whioh arise from mistakes rioh pasture& of Baehe.n produce. Some in the meanings of e.mbiguons words, see have supposed that by this term are meant Schegg and Knabenbaner.) the luxurious nobles of Samaria, who are Ver. 3.-At the breaches me.de in the city called "cows" as being effeminate and walls, as cattle hurry through gaps in a licentious. Thie is possible; bat such fence. Thns they should go forth when grandees would be called rather "bulls of Samaria was taken. Every oow e.( that Beshan," and the "masters" mentioned which is before her; better, each straight just below signify more naturally these before her, just where the opening offered women's husbands than the kings. Pusey itself (comp. Josh. vi. 5, 20). The LXX. notes that the genders in the sentence inserts -yvµ.val, "naked." And ye shall cut are interchanged. "Hear ye," "your Lord," them into the palace; Septnagint, Ka.l " upon you," " they shall take you," being li.-rropp,,p-f,rr«r9, ,lr TO /5po• TO 'Poµ.µ.d.v ('P,µ.µ.d.v, masculine; "that oppress," "that crush," Alex.), " And ye shall be cast forth in to "that say," "your posterity," "ye shall go the mountain Romman;" Vnlgate, et pro- out," "each before her," "ye shall cast," jiciemini in Armon. The Syriac and Arabic feminine. Evidently the prophet addresses Versions, and Aquila, render, "unto Mount his reproaches to the luxurious of both sexes, Armon;" the Chaldee paraphrast, "far though he begins with the women. The beyond the mountains of Armenia." The land of Bashan extended from Hermon to Hebrew expression haharmonah occurs no- the J abbok, including Gaulonitis, Auronitis, where else. Our version takes it in the Bstanea, and Tro.chonitie. It was always sense of armon, "a palace,'' intending famous for its pasturage, cattle, and oaks. probably a palace or citadel of the enemy, The Vnlgate takes the term as metaphorical, which certainly ought to have beenex:preBSed.. and has, 11acca, pingues. So Symmachus, Kimchi renders, "Ye shall cast yourselves fjoes E!rrpo,po,, which translation Jerome into the pale.ce of the king." The passage adopt.a. llllounte.in of Samaria. The hill of is probably corrupt. If the verb is taken as Shomer, on which Samaria was built (see passive, the unusual word must be con- note on eh. iii. 9). Oppress the poor. This sidered to denote the place of banishment. they did in ministering, or getting their Thus, "Ye shall be cast forth into Harmon." hnebe.nds to minister, to their luxury and Whether Harmon means Armenia., as many . debauchery. Apparently they urged their ancient oomment.atore thought, or not, cannot husbands to violence e.nd fraud in order to be determined, Various opinions may he obtain means to satisfy their extravagance. seen in Keil, Schegg, Trochon, and othera ; A bad woman is thoroughly uneorupulous but the simplest explanation is that of Orelli (see the oaee of Ahab and Ne.both, 1 Kings and Ewe.Id, viz. that each fugitive shall :xxi. 7, eto.). Their masters; their lords; i.e. fiing away her idol Rimmona (the wife of husbands (oomp. Gen. xviii. 12; 1 Pet. iii. the god Rimmon, 2 Kings v. 18), in order 6). Bring, and let us drink, They invite to be more free for filght (comp. Isa. ii. 20). their husbands to supply the means of Ver. 4.-The prophet now tums to Israel, debauchery and to join in their revels. and ironically bids them exhibit their zeal Vf.1r. 2.-By his holiness. God swears by for idolatry, and thus increase their guilt. his holiness, which oannot tolerate iniquity, Bethel; as the chief seat of idol-womhip and which they he.d profaned (oh. ii. 7; oomp. (oh. iii. U). At Gilga.l.; rather, to fft'lgal, oh. vi. 8). That he will take you away. "come ye" being repeated in thought. "That one, or they, she.II take you awo.y;" Gilgnl was a strong position in the plain of tho enemy, the instrument of God's ven- Jordan, three miles eo.st of Jericho, taking geance, is meant. With hooks j tsinnoth; its name probably from the stone oircles Septuagint, iv 8..-Jl.ou: Vulgate, in contis. erected for purposes of worship in very early The translation," with books," is correct, the times. Joshua (v. 9) gave a new meaning idea being thnt the people shall be utterly to the old name. There ii a large pool helpless o.nd taken for destruction, like fish of water in this neighbourhood oe.lle,I Jil- caught with hooks (Jer.xvi.16; Bab. i.15). julieh, about four miles from the Jordan, Your posterity; acharith (eh. ix. l); better, whioh is doubtless a corruption of the o.noient .your residue, those who have not ~een de- name Gilgal. It seems to have been regarded stroyed previously. The Septuo.gmt and as a holy place in Samuel'a days or even the Vulgate give quite a di#'erent uotion to before (sec Judg. iii. 19; 1 Sam. vii. l6;  62 THE BOOK OF AMO~ [cm. 1v. 1-13.