Pl\rt IV. (Ch. iv.) Jona.h's displeasure, and it.a correction. § 1. (Cb. iv. 1-4.) Jonah is grieved at this result, and complains of God's clemency. § 2. (Ch. iv. 5.) He makes a hut outside the city, and we.its to aee the lsaue, § 8. (Ch. iv. 6, 7.) God causes a plant to spring up in order to shade him from the sun; but it soon withers away, and leaves him exposed to the scorching rays. § 4. (Ch. iv. 8-11.) His grief for the loss of the plant is made the ocoasion bl God of showing his inconsistency and pitilessness in murmuring against Gods compassion for Nineveh with it.a multitude of inhabitants. THE BOOK OF JONAH.
EXPOSITION. ously estimated according to the sense OHAPTER I. attached to the name " Nineveh." Thia Vera. 1-17.-Part I. THE M1ss10N OF appellation may be restricted to Nineveh JONAH. JIIs DIBOBEDIENOE AND PUNISHMENT, proper, or it may comprise the four cities which la.y close together in the immediate Vera. 1-3.-§ 1. Jonah is somt to NinlJ'IJeh neighbourhood of ea.eh other, a.nd whose to cry against it; but he tries to avoid the remains are now known e.s the mounds of mission, a11d to this end takes ship to Tar- KOU1Junjik, on the south-west, directly oppo- site to Mosul; Nimrod, about eighteen miles ahish. to the south-east; Karamless, twelve miles Ver.1.-Now; or, and. Some have argued to the north; and Khorsabad, the most from this commencement the.t the Book of northerly, about the same distance both Jono.h is o. fragment, the continuation of e. from Kare.mleaa and Kouyunjik. Khoraa.- larger work; but it is e. common formule.ry, bad, however, we.s not built till some hun- linking together revelations and histories, dred years after Joue.b's time (Schrader, o.nd is continually used in the Old Teste.- 'Keilins<Jhr.,' p. 448). These cities a.re ment at the beginning of independent contained in an irregular parallelogram of works; e.g. Josh. i. 1: Judg. i. I: I Sam. i. some sixty miles in circumference. The 1 ; Eatb. i. 1 ; Ezek. i. 1. Jonah the son of following account of Nineveh proper is Amitte.i (2 Kings xiv. 25). (See Introduc- derived from Professor Rawlinson. 'Ancient tion,§ II.) Monarchies,' i. 252, etc. : " The ruins consist Ver. 2.-Nineveh, the oe.pital of the kin~ of two principo.l mounds, Nebbi-yunus and dom of .Assyria., is first mentioned in Gen. Kouyunjik. The Kouyunjik mound, which x. 11, e.s founded by Nimrod. It stood on lies nearly he.If e. mile north-west of the the left bank of the river Tigris, where it is others, is very much the more considerable joined by the Khosr, opposite to the present of the two. Its shape is an irregular oval, town of Mosul. The Assyrie.ns had already elongated to e. point towards the north-ea.at. become known in Syria.. In s.o. 854 She.1- The aurfe.oe is neo.rly flat: the aides slope me.neser II. bad defeated e.t Karke.r twelve at e. steep angle, and are furrowed with kings confederate o.gninst him, among whom numerous ravines worn in the soft me.terie.l is reckoned Ahe.b King of Israel. Long by the rains of some thirty centuries. Th8 before bis time, Tiglath-Pileaer I. had me.de greatest height above the pie.in is ninety e. great expedition to the west, captured e. feet, e.nd the area is estimated at a hundred town e.t the foot of Lebanon, and reached a.ores. It is an artificial eminence, computed the coo.et of the Mediterranean See.. Jehu to contain 14,500,000 tons of earth, nnd on was compelled to pay tribute to the Assy- it were ereoted the palaces and temples of ria.us; and Rimmon-nirari, who reigned the Assyrian monarchs. The mound of from s.o. 810 to 781, held the suzerainty of Nebbi-yunus is at its hue nearly triangular, Phmnioia, Same.rie., Edom, and Philistie.. and covers an area of nearly forty e.crea. Jonah, therefore, knew well what his coun- It is loftier, and its aides are more pre- try might expeot o.t the hands of this people. cipitous than Kouyunjik, especially on the That great oity. It is thus oolled in oh. iii. west, where it abutted on the wall of the 2, 3 ; iv. 11 ; and the epithot is added here city. The mass of earth is calcule.ted at in order to show to Jonah the importance of six e.nd e. half millions of tons. These two bis mission. The size of Nineveh is ve.ri- vast mounds are both in the same line, anll JON Aii, B 2 THE BOOK OF JONAH. [on. 1. 1-17.