(oh. xii. 25-45); (e) parables of the kingdom (eh. xiii. 1-52); (/) dis- oipleship-espeoially humility, sympathy, and responsibility ( oh. xviii.); (g) parables (oh. xxi. 28-xxii.14); (h) woes on the Pharisees (oh. xxiii.); (i) the ooming of the end (oh. xxiv., xxv.). Obeerve: First, that five of these, viz. a, b, e, f, i, are followed by the formula, "And it came to pass, when Jesus ended these words." Of the remaining four, c, d, g are shorter and of Iese importance than these five, while h ie followed eo immediately by i (though clearly a separate dis- course) that we should hardly expect to find the customary concluding formula. ·Secondly, that of these only the following are found in the other Gospels in at all the form of connected d iscourees, viz. a ( vide Luke vi.); b (hardly, but for the first part of. Luke x. 2-16); c (vide Luke vii. 24, sqq.); h (partly in Luke xi.); i (for oh. xxiv., vide Mark xiii., of. Luke xxi.; and for eh. xxv. 14-30, vide Luke xix. 11-28). Thirdly, that although many parts of them are found also in Luke, and slightly in Mark, yet frequently these a.re recorded in quite a different context, and sometimes the connexion as recorded in Luke seems much more likely to be the original than that recorded in Matthew. Of this the Lord's Prayer ( oh. vi. 9-13; parallel, Luke xi 2-4) is a crucial inst.a.nee (vide notes, in loc.), and others, almost equally certain, occur in parts of the Great Commission (see notes on eh. x. 17, 39, 40---42). § 3. (S) Matter other than Diacov,rsea peculiar to the First Gospel. Of this there a.re three k:inds.1 (a) Matter of the same general character as that contained in the Frame- work (e.g. eh. xiv. 28-33; xvi. 17-19; x:vii. 24-27; xix:. 10-12; xxvii. 3-10, 62-66; xx:viii. 9-20). In close connexion with this may be con- sidered passages of the same character, whioh are not indeed peculiar to this Goepel, but are found also in either the second ( especially eh. xiv. 6-12; xiv. 22-27 [cf. John vi. 15-21], 34-36; xv. 1-39; xvii. 11, 12, 19, 20; xix. 1-6; x:x. 20--'-23; xx:i. 18, 19; xxvi. 6-13 [o.t: John xii 1-11]; x:x:vii. 27-31) or the third (especially oh. iv. 3-11; viii. 5-13, 19-22; ix. 32-34 [ cf. xii. 22-24 ]). (b) The opening sections, viz. the genealogy ( oh. i. 1-17) and the narrative of the birth and infancy ( oh. i. 18-ii. 23). ( c) Other details of our Lord's words and actions, which cannot be classed under a, or remarks which bring out his relation to the Old Testa- ment and Jewish institutions (e.g. oh. iv. 12-16; xxi. 4, 5, 10, 11).
II. THESE REPRESENT DIFFERENT SOURCES. § 4. How it ea.me a.bout that the First Gospel presents these constituent parts-how, that is to say, we must account for the formation of this Gospel, is a question of the greatest possible difficulty. We have so little 1 a, b, and partly o may be conveniently studied iD the 'Synopticon,' pp. 171-191. fy INTRODUCTION TO
external information about the origiMB of the evangelical reoorcle that we must form our impreeeione from internal evidenoe alone, Hence, not unnaturally, many answers have been given which differ greatly and often oontradiot ea.oh other. I ehall oontent myself with giving that one whioh eeeme leaet exposed to objections. It ie that the three oonstituent pa.rte represent three souroes, the fi.ret two being entirely external to tbe author, existing, that is to say, before he oompoeed our Goepel, 1 and the third being partly of the same kind, and partly due, as it would eeem, to him alone. (1) The Hiswrical Frameu,ork. If the Triple Tradition be followed as it ie marked in Rushbrooke's 'Synopticon' (where it is given in the order of St. Mark's Goepel), it will be seen to begin with the message delivered by John the Baptist in the wilderness, then to mention the baptism and the temptation, and after that to go on to the call of Simon and another,' and of Jamee and John the sons of Zebedee, by Jesus as he passed a.long by the Sea of Galilee. Then, after speaking of the astonishment caused by the teaching of Jesus, it relates his entrance into the house and hie healing the mother-in-le. w [ of SimonJ ; and then it epeake of others also oom1ng to him and being healed, Jeeus afterwards preaohing in the eyne.goguee of Galilee. We need not trace the narrative further, but it ie pertinent to ask• in whoee recollection these events would etand out most prominently, and to answer that the original narrator was probably one of those four to whom the call to follow Jesus made eo great a difference. But not only so; the choice is limited from another consideration, for suoh signs of an eye-witness as exist in the Triple Tradition (it is something we can eee and mark, and therefore more tangible to us than the whole Framework) point still more definitely in the same direction. What, indeed, are signs of an eye-witness it is oft.en not eaey to deoide, but among these may be placed (still following, for convenience, the order in the' Synopticon ') Mark i 41, "stretched forth his hand;" Mark ii. 3, "bringing ... a paralytic;" Ma.rk ii 14, "[Levi] arose and followed him;" Mark ii. 23, "going through the oorn-fi.elds;" Mark iv. 39, "he arose and rebuked the wind .. ; and there was a calm;" Mark v. 40, "and they laughed him to scorn; " Mark v. 41, "he took the hand;" Mark ix. 7, " a cloud overshadowed them . . . e. voice out of the cloud ; " Mark x.. 22, the grief of the young man; Mark x.. 46, "a blind ma.n sat by the wayside;" Mark x. 52, " he received his eight, e.nd followed him;" Mark xiv. 45, 47, the kies of J'.ildas, and the cutting off the ear of the high priest's servant with a sword; Mark xv. 30, 31, the jeer," Save thyself," and the high priest's mockery; Mark xv. 37, J esns crying with a loud voice at the moment of death. 1 I e.m not now conoezned with the question whether the author of the First Gospel may
or may not have drawn up, perhaps long before, one or more of the sources, flide infra,§ 15. • Andrew, but hi.I name does not occur i.u. the Triple Tradition of this place. • Of. Dr. &lmon, 'Introduction' (p. 153£. edit. 1888), whose immediate object, however, le to show the Petrina authorship of more than the Triple Tradition. I have thought it tv,ttP.r tn confine mnelf to thia i.u. the 11&rrower sense of the word. TM GOSPEL AOOORDING TO ST. MATTHEW. V