The Pulpit Commentary — Matthew — Volume 1 — Section 204

the juxtaposition of these two.Beatitudes, making one 'by antitheaia, as suggested by the stricter rendering of the Revised Version, e.g., "Blessed are they who have suffered persecution: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Dleesed (in like manner) a.re ye when .•. Rejoice . . . for great is your reward in heaven." Under any view, this present Beatitude may well be held to have been itself to a large degree a reminiscence. Persecution for righteousness' sake could be no absolute novelty for the time of the promulgating of Christ's reli;;ion, for the great Captain himself or for his apostles and first servants. None the less true, however, was it that a fresh force of goodness, and the greatest force that could be, must avail to stir up direr opposition on the part of the powers of darkness. The Beatitude stands like a repromulgation of one great law of suffering, with its attendant "great reward." And it had its special call at the time. Notice- I. THE BOLD FORMULATING OF THIS GREAT HUMAN PRESENT FACT, VIZ. THAT BIGHTEOUSNESS SHALL DRAW UPON ITSELF THE WORLD'S PERSECUTION. The thing has of a. truth been known; but it has been partly disguised, partly accounted for, by merely side issues, and as far as possible has been minimized, e.g. by methods (analogies to which a.re now not unfamiliar to us) such as this, that "it must be confessed there were faults on both sides ; " or this, that the right side was not perfect ; or this, that it was a shade too uncompromising, or unncces~a.rily trenchant and thereby gratuitously provocative ; with much else. In a.II such instances the end has not sanctified the means, even though the end was as genuinely as it gave itself out to be, the desire to shield the fair fame of the right, which it might antecedently have been supposed could not get its votaries into harm's way. All these cobwebs and this shallow sophistry the unconcealing voice of the utterer of this Beatitude blows a.way. This world is not yet the habitat of righteousness. Righteousness is not yet so at home in it that all men are its friends, or anything like all, or anything like the majority. Envy, jealousy, dislike of standing reproof_ in the shape of that condemning contrast, which stands stationary a.s a statuo, if silent as a. statue, as well as such hatreds as come of the more active witnesses and zeal of righteousness-all these are sworn foes to it and its devout followers. "In the world ye shall have tribulation." " What glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye take it patiently? bnt if, when ye do well and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is ncceptable with God.D The untoward fact has got its footing in the world and made its place here, and Righteous- ness does not on that account hide her face or lower her flag. She accepts it all as another task to do, another war to wage, another usurpation to overthrow, But there shall be no disguise about facts, nor shall the sufferer be left without help of promise, without fair consolation. Christ asks none to join his ranks ignorant of his claim, or without cautioning them to count the cost. II. THE EQUALLY UNQUALIFIED CONDITIONING OJI' THE BEATITUDE THAT PROFFERS THE ANSWER TO THAT DIBASTROUB FACT. The Beatitude is definitely for those who. through their fidelity to righteousness, become the objects of persecution. The scope of the Beatitude would be easily enlarged to the degree of latitndinarianism. It should easily become vague, and its value dissipated in a dubious comprehensiveness; or it might be made to put its most royal stamp on what should least deserve it. The two leading and determining words of the Bentitude are easily susceptible of being wrested from their just application. Righteousness must not be claimed to be a synonym with mere rightness, or what ea.eh and any individual may assert to be such by the so-called light of hie " own conscience." It is, in point of fact, this very latitude that has been persecution's charter, and the plea for an incredible amount of cruelty nnd outpouring of blood, which still cries from the ground to Heaven! Righteousness must mean fidelity to moral right or law, or, as we might now more pronouncedly word it, to revealed spirituel law, and to the Revealer of it. It may be quite true that there is other very real rightness, very praiseworthy adherence to it, and very cruel persecution. incurred by nnd on account of that adherence. Only this is not whnt is here spoken of. Uncovenanted blessing shall alight on this, or blessings covemmted on other promises. Note also that the B'3ntitude did not in its day mean something more exclusive than already was; on the contrary, while something more clearly defined indeed, its gmnd point of view was so high that it was vastly larger and more comprehending. 'l'he Boatitude is for this very reason most catholic, because its promise is to the citizens of  196 TIIE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. MATTHEW. [err. v. 1-4.B.