The Pulpit Commentary — Matthew — Volume 1 — Section 236

~11caio<r,h'71v ~µ..Zv (p.~ ,ro,e,v), in oontrnst to metaphor, since one holds a trumpet up lo, r.o,fi• l>.,11p.o<r6v1w (ver. 2), points to it being one's mouth. As the hypoorites do. The- R collecti.e expression of which the various comma 11fter "do" in the ordinary text of parts are mentioned in the following verses. the Authorized Version (not in Scrivener) The fnrm also of the sentence, "when" eto., connects "do not sound a trumpet before. nt the head of each of the other subjects, thee" with "in the syo11gogues," eto., and' (vers. 5, 16) shows that these are co-ordinated more readily suggests the literal interpreta- with rnr. 2. Your; in oontmst to that of tion of "trumpet" to the English reader. the t)•pioal Jews. The limitation implied The hypocritea (o/ o-..orcp,.-a(). In ALtio usage in ~,,_,;;,, gives a more partial and probably the word menns those who play a part upon· more external meaning to "righteousness'' the stage. Hence, by e.n easy transition to ( cf. Ez.-k. xvii i. 22, 24) than is to be seen in the more.I sphere, " hypocrisy " became used the eonespoodiog phrase in l John ii. 29 ; iii in Inter Greek of" the assumption of a part ,. To be seen of them (,rpb• -rb 6«ieiiv111 which mo.aked [men's] genuine feelings, und a&,-o,, ). Having for your final purpose made them appear otherwise than they were" ( cf. Ellicott on l Cor. ix. 18) to be gazed ( cf. Bishop Lightfoot, 011 Ge.I. ii. 13). Persons Rt by them (cf. eh. xxiii. 5; Acts i. 11; and who assumed this part would iildeed often T.R. of Acts ,·iii. 18; cf. aupra, eh. v. 28). be identical with ol a.~•fJ•is, o/ -..apd.voµ.o,, Otherwise (Winer, § hv. 3. c). Ye have no and the t.erm ~-..otcp1-ral may sometimes be reward (eh. v. 12, note). Of your Father; nsen as synonymous with these (an extension _.\.uthorized Version margin and Revised of language which would be the more easy Yeraion, with; the thought being not that it e.s the Hebrew word for "hypocrite" (9in) is given by him, bot that it is laid up with if!1p~ies not so much hypocrisy e.s pollution him (,rape -r,ji m,.,.pl op.o,v). Perhaps, how- by sm); but there seems no need ( contrast ever, the preposition rather means "in the Hatch, • Ess11ys,' p. 91) to see any other con- jud!!Illent of" (ef. l Pet. ii. 4). Your Father notation in the New Testament than "hypo- (ch."'v.16, note). Notice the frequent repeti- crite.'' To wilfully and oontinuouslyattempt. tion of the phrase in this context (eh. v. 48; to produce e. false impression-especially in li. 4, 6, 8, 15, 18 bis). religion-is, after all, a mark of extreme Vera. 2-4.-Almsgifling. ll'fatthew only. distance from the truth-loving Goel In the synagogues and in the streets (ver. 5, note). Ver. 2.-Therefore. A deduction from That they may have glory of men (/!...,,,. the general principle laid down in \·er. 1. 6o~a<r6w1T1v); instead of this glory being When thou doest alms (-.-o,fis •>-•11p.o<rWTJv). given to God (eh. v. 16). The thought, how- The exact phrase comes here and ver. 3 only. ever, of the word is rather of the glory given In Lukexi. 41 and xii. 33(36,-,)almsare con- than of their welcome reception of it (6&(a" siderl'd rather as e. gift; in Acts ix. 36; x. .\o.µ.,B<ivuv, John v. 44; oontrast Luke iv. 15)_ 2; x:ri v. 17 ( h,,.,,µ.o<r6vas ), re.thu e.s to their Verily (eh. v. 18, note). They have; Re- separate occasions and materials ; here quite vised Version, they have received (a,r{xov<r,v). generally but rather e.a an action, a work. The force of the preposition is "correspond- Do not sound a trumpet (µ.71 <ra.>...-..ltrps). ence, i.e. of the contents to the capacity, of Probably a purely metaphorical expression the possession to the desire, etc., so that it ( cf. our "He is his own trumpeter"). Eder- denotes the/ull complement" (Ilishop Light- shei.m., 'Temple,' etc., p. 27 ( cf. Sch!lttgen) foot, on Phil. iv. 18). That which full,1 eees rather in it e.n ironical allusion to the corresponds to their desires and their rightfui • form and name of the treasure-chests in the expect11tioo they have to the full. They court of the women. "The Lord, making therefore have ((xov<r,) no other reward left use of the word • trumpet,' describes the for them to receive (ver. 1), Schottgen give& conduct of those who, in their almsgiving, several examples of Jewish sayings about sought glory from men as • sounding a men receiving their reward in this life only trumpet' before them-that is, carrying ( of. Ign., 'Polyc.,' § 5, " If a mo.11 boast [ of before them, as it were, in full display one his chastity], he is lost"). of these trumpet-shaped alms-boxes (literally Ver. 3.-:But when thou; "thou" em- call"d in the Talmud,' trumpets'), and, as phe.tio. Let not thy left hand know, etc. it were, sounding it." This interpretation So little effect should thy kind actiqn have wuuld have been lees fanciful if the sub- upon thy memory. There ·should be no i;tantive had been used instead of the self-co11sciousness in it. verb. Others (e.g. Calvin, Bengel) have Ver. 4.-An.d thy Father whioh seeth in taken it of a literal trumpet; but of this secret (comp. ver. 6, note). Himself. B11- r,racticc there is no evidence whatever. '' I vised Version omits, with the manuscripts. Lave not found, although I have sought for Shall reward thee; Revised Version, ,hall it much and seriously, even the least mention recompense thu (a.,ro6w<ru ,,.o,). She.II give of e. trumpet in almsgiviog" (J. Lightfoot, to thee in full measure corresponding to the 'lior. liebr.'). :Before theo; part of the contents of thot which is really due (of. Isa..  <:H. v1, 1-34.] THE GOSPEL .ACCORDING TO ST. MATTHEW. 22~