The Pulpit Commentary — Luke — Volume 1 — Section 149

James, and John. He waa apparently the ing a. position in the thin! rlivieion which inthnnte friend nnd osaociate of' Philip, the in Bt. Lnke's list is fill,,,! hy "James'.➔ first of the second" four." James and John. Jnde." Thero is no doul,t that Lebbreua Woll-known and honoured names io the and Tharldroue were surnames by which records of the first daya. M0rk adds a vivid James's Jude, or Ju,las, was known gene- detail which throws much light on the rally in the Church. The necessity of character and fortunes of the brothers ; he some surname to distinguish this apostle calls thorn Boanergee, "sons of thunder." was obvious. Already in the company of 'l'he burning enthusiasm of James no doubt apostles there was a Judas, or Jude, who led to his receiving the first martyr-crown we.e afterwards known as "the betrayer." allotted to "the glorious company of the One, too, of the Lord's so-called brothers, a apostles," while the en.me fiery zeal in the fi~e well known in the society of the loved apostle colours the Apocalypse. Philip. Church of the first days, was also named John vi. 5 mo.y be quoted to show that Jude. The meaning of the two epithets the Lord was on terms of peculiar friend- is somewhat similar; they both were pro- ship with this first of the second four. bably derived from the apostle's character Bartholomew; Bar-Tolmai: son of Tolmai, -Lebblllus from tlie Hebrew .:iS (lev), the He therefore must have been known also heart. Jude was probably so styled on by some other name. In St. John's Goepel account of his loving earnestness. Thad- Bartholomew is never mentioned, but Na- dlllus, from thad, a word which in later thanael, whose name appeard iu the Fourth Hebrew meant the female breast, was sug- Gospel among the apostles, and who is not gested possibly by his even feminine de- alluded to in the memoirs of Matthew, votedness and tenderness of disposition. Mark, and Luke, evidently represents the The addition in St. Matthew'e catalogue to same person. The real name of the son of "Lebbams, whose surname we.e Tha,1- Tolmai, then, would appear to have been dams,'' which we read in our Authorize,! Nathanael. Version, does not occnr in any of the ol<ler Ver. 15.-Matthew. In the lief contained authorities, "Thaddl!lus" being only found in the Gospel which unanimous Church in St. Mark's list. And Jnde.s Iscariot, traditions ascribe to this apostle, " the whioh also we.e the traitor. Some scholars publican" (te.x-go.therer) is significantly have derived "Iscariot" from as-cara, added. His brother evangelists, Mark and stran.!;ulation; or from sheker, a lie, ish Luke, in their catalogues, omit the hated sheker, the man of a lie; these deri,ations profession to which he once belonged. are, however, most improbable. The sur- Simon called Zelotes. In SS. Matthew and name is evidently derived from the place ' Mark this apostle is callee! "Simon the whence this Judas carue. Kerioth, possibly Kananite." This epithet does not mean the modern town or village of Kuryetein, that Simon was a native or dweller in Cana not far from Hebron in Judah. Kerioth is of Galilee, but the epithet" Kane.nite" had mentioned in Josh. xv. 25, ish-Kerioth, a. the same signification as " Zelotee," the man of Kerioth. 1urname given by St. Luke, which is best Ver. 17.-And he co.me down with them, rendered as " the Zee.lot." Kananite is and stood in the pla.in. Leaving the upper- derived from the Hebrew word l:(Jp, zeal. most elopes of the hill-the modern Kurm "He had once, therefore, belonged to the sect Hattin, or "Horne of Hatti.n" -where he of terrible fanatics who thought any deed ha.d spent the night alone iu prayer-Jesus of violence j uetifiahle for the recovery of probably descended a little and rejoinecl national freedom, and ho.d probably been the band of disciples. Out of these I, e one of the wild followers of Judas the called the twelve above mentioned ; and Gaulonite (Josephus, 'Bell. Jud.,' iv. 3. 9). then, with the whole body of disciples-the Their name was derived from 1 Mace. ii. twelve, no doubt, closest to his Person-he 50, where the dying Me.ttathiae, father of continued the descent for some way. On " Judas Maccabmus, says to the Assidreans level spot situate on the hillside, ..-ery (Chasidim, i.e. 'all such as were volun- likely a 8at space between the two peaks to.rily devoted to the Law'), 'Be ye z:ealo11s of Hattin, the Master and his follower" for the Law, and give your lives for the came upon a crowd of inquirers, who h"d covenant of your fathers'" (Archdeacon ascended thus far to meet him. '.l.'hese were Farrar). composed, as we shall see, of various nation- Ver. 16.-Judas the brother of James; alities. Some came with their sick friends, more aoourately, Judas, or Jude, so11 of seeking a cul'C; some were urged by curiosity; James, or simply James's Judd. So this others by a real longing to heo.r more of the disciple is termed in both the writings words of life from his Divine lips. It wiLs ascribed to St. Luke (the Gospel and Acts). to this crowd that, surrounded by the newly In St. llfntthew'e lia1 we find a "Lebbmus," elected twelve, as well as by the htrµ:er o.n,l in SL M:1rk', " ,. Tlmddrous "occupy- !'ompany of cliseiples, t.hat J,,ens spoke ll,.i  l44 THE GOSPEL ACCOilDING TO ST. LUKE. [err. v1. 1--4!>