THE
PULPIT COMMENTARY, EDITED BY THE
VERY REV. H. D. lVI. SPENCE, D.D., DEAN OF OLOUCESTER;
AND BY THE
REV. JOSEPH S, EXELL, M.A.
WITH
INTRODUCTIONS BY THE
VERY REV. F. W. FARRAR, D.D., F.R.S., DEAN OF CANTERBDRY. RIGHT REV. H. COTTERILL, D.D., F.R.S.E. VERY REV. PRINCIPAL J. TULLOCH, D.D. REV. CANON G. RAWLINSON, M.A. REV. A. PLUMMER, M.A., D.D.
NEW RDITION.
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY LONDON AND NEW YORK 1907 PKINTED llY WILLIAM CLOY.'ES AND SONS, UMITED1 LONI>ON ANt> BECCLCS.
( Tiu nrMs o/ ,,.,,,,,latun 11,,u/ o/ reproduction fire reserved.) THE
PULPIT COMMENTARY, F,DITJ>;n BY THJIJ
VERY REV. H. D. M. SPENCE, D.D., DEAN O'J' GLOUCEBTER;
AND BY TBB
REV. JOSEPH S. EXELL, M.A.
THE GOSPEL OF ST. JOHN. Jfntro'tluct(on zmlr (!Sxposftion BY REV. H. R. REYNOLDS, D.D., P.IIESIDENT, AND PBOFEISOB OF THEOLOGY, CBESHUNT COLLEGB ; l'ELLOW OF UIOVliBIITY OOLLEGE, LONDON,
~omflttfcs BY REV. PROF. T. CROSKERY, D.D., LATE l'ROFl!SSOR OF SYSTDJATIC THEOLOGY, JdAGEE COLLEGE, LONDONDDBY.
~om{lfts b!} l::Tarfous ~utbors. REV. PROF. J. R. THOMSON, MA. REV. B. THOMAS. REV. D. YOUNG, B.A. REV. GEORGE DROWN, B.A.
VOL. I.
NEW EDITlON,
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY LONDON AND NEW YORK 1907 CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTION.
I. PRELIMINAllY STATEMENT OF THE D!FFIOULTIES OF THE PROBLEM. pp. iii.-xlt. II. TDE DETAILS OF THE DISPUTE CONOERNING THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL. pp. xii.-xviii. III. THl!I EXTERNAL EVIDENCES OF THE EARLY EXISTENOE OF THE FouR GOSPELS. pp. xviii.-xxv. 1. General observations on the nature of the evidence. pp. xviii., xix. 2. Proof that during the fourth quarter of the second century the four Gospels, as we now possess them, were held in universal respect throughout the Christian Church. (I) !rename. (2) Theophilus, (3) Olemens Alexe.ndrinus. (4) Tertullian. (5) Me.rcion. pp. xix.-xxii. 3. Proof that Justin Martyr, before the olose of the second quarter of the century, utilized the four Gospels. pp. xxii.-xxv. IV. THE SPECIFIC EXTERNAL EVIDENCE FOR THE EARLY EXISTENCE OF THE FoUBTH GOSPEL. pp. x.xv.-xu.vii. I. Justin Martyr. Answer to objections. pp. x.xv.-xxix. 2. Confirmatory evidence linking the documents known to Justin with those shown to be in the hands of lrenmus. (I) Heracleon. (2) Tatian's 'Diatessaron.' (3) The Muratorian Fmgment on the Canon. (4) Papias. pp. xxix.-x.xxiv. 3. The testimony of the apostolic Fathers. (1) Polycarp. (2) Clemens Rome.nus e.nd Barnabas. (3) Shepherd of Hermas. (4) The so-called Second Epistle of Clemen.s. (5) The Igne.tie.n letters. (6) The letter to Diognetus. (7) The Did.ache. pp. x.xxiv.- xxxvii. V. FuRTHER TESTIMONIES FROll OUTSIDE THE CHURCH AND FBOM Al'oCRYPHAL A.ND PBEUDEPIGRAPIDC LITERATURE. pp. x.xxvii.-xlii. I. Celsus. 2. Testament of the XII. Patrir1rohs. 3. Clementine Homilies. 4. Mon- tanus and Montanism. 5. Marcion. 6. Ve.lentinus. 7. Basilides e.nd his followers. 8. The Ophites. 9. Genera.I conclusion from the evidence e.s e. whole. VI. THE 0ANONICITY OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL. p. xliii. vn. THE INTERNAL EVIDENCE OF THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE FOURTH GOSPl!:I.. pp. xliii.-lx.xxvii. I. The author must have been a Jew. Answer to objections. pp. iliii.-xlvi. 2. The author must he.ve been e. Pe.lestinie.n Jew. Discussion of the relation of the Fourth Gospel to the philosophy of Philo. pp. xlvi.-lii. 3. The author we.s e.n eye-witness of muoh the.t he describes, and an intimate acquaintance of the disciples of Jesus. pp. lii., liii. 4. The author represents himself e.s one of the disoipleij whom Jesus loves. This disciple, by constructive evidenoe,shown to be John the son of Zebedee. pp. liii.-lv. . 5. A comparison of the ohe.mcter of the author derived from the G("lspel itself, with the luuts of the charo.cter of the son of Zebed,,e given in other literature. (1) The" John" of the sy_noptists. (2) The "John" of the Acts of the Apostles o.nd of the Epistle to the Go.lat1ans. (3) The o.uthor of the threo Epistles which be[lr traditionally the name of John OOmpared with the author of the Gos:pel. (4) A oompRrison between the o.uthor of tl!o JOIIN. b ii CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTION.