The Pulpit Commentary — John — Volume 2 — Section 410

became g1'('nt.er than hie fellr of Ohriet; hie iii. 10. The l\1lloa--rpo,-ro11 was possibly some anxiety for himeelf predominated over hie elevated seat reaohcd by a flight of stairs, d0sire for justioe and fRir play. He found and in the open air, not the bema within he hnd gone too far. &me oommentatore the Praitorium, where the more private nnd hnrmoniets here introduce the "hand- conversations took place. w8.6hing" (see above, oh. xviii. 40); bot Ver. H.-Now it waa the preparation of the •uoh a proceeding at this moment, when he Pa&&over. Once more the question of the dis- WM etniightening up his back for the )net act crepe.noy between the Johannine u.n,l synop- of iujustioo, would hove roueed freeh and tic implication of the day of our Lord's death <1,m!?"eroue charges against his pereonal reappcare. This statement is claimed eagerly honour. He brought Jesus out from the by both clo.sses of critics. Hengstenberg, P,rutorium to a plaoo in view of the people, M•Clellan, Lange, Schaff, eto., all urge tho.t and 1111.t dowu (not, ae eomc say, c:msed Jesus, the word " prepo.ration " is simply the in mockery. to lllke hie place upon the judg- "Fridav" before tho sabbuth-" tho ove of meut-seat (oca.6,~·,., has the transitive sense the sabhath," and that .-oii nd.o-xa. is adde<l in l Cor. vi. 4 and Eph. i. 20, but not in John; in the broad Johu.nnino sense of the entire aud undoubtedly it has the intransitive Paschal festival, and means the "Fl'iday " rouse, uot only in John, but in Acts nv. 6, of the Passover week, u.nd tho.t thus John 17. llloreo,·er, the mockery wae the aot of only confirms the synoptio no.rre.tive that the the soldiery an<l of Herod's men of w:i.r, not Po.ssovcr h:id been saorificed on the previous of Pihllc), It is remarkable, ae Dr. Jamee evening. To this it is replied, by Meyer, Drunnnoud ( The'1logical Remew, 1877) points Goo.et, Westcott, Farrar, etc., that this use of out, that Justin Martyr (' Apo!,' i. 35) ,ra.parTKFl/1/ belongs to a much later period, eppnrcutly refers to this supposed transitive and here it is used in the sense of the "pre- u,o.ge of oca.i/,(r., in this very connection by paration " for the Po.scbo.l meal, without John, hy the wor<ls, t..111.,ropoll'T<S airrb11 i1rd.61- interfering with the fuct u.fterwards men- aa11 ""' 13-1;,..,,.-ros 1<..l ,1,rov· 11:p'ivov 11/L'•• n is tioned, that it was the pro-aabbaton, the d:i.y r('aeonable inference that Justin read John's before the sabbath ; the first day of UD.• Gospel. and SDPJICllled him to give transitive leu.vened bread coinciding with the ordi- force to the verb (see Dr. Salmou, • Intro- nary weekly sabbath. The -rov ,rao-xa here duction to New Testament,' p. 89, note). woul<l have no meu.ning for a reader, who Upon the jndgmsnt-seat in a place called had not learned this technical and later ;,,Vocr:-p,,,.,.o,•, the tC11S0lated Pavement-equi- patristic usage. Why should not John, on mlcntto "stone-joiuing"-in "·hich Homans that understanding, ho.ve simply used the delighted from the da.ys of Sulla; a dccora- word in the seD.Se which the synoptists give tiuu which Julius Cresar carried about with to it, es eq ui vnlent to the ,rpoo-a./3/3a-ru11 ? hiw (Suet., • Vit.,' xlvi.) for purposes of [There is nilother difficulty in the forwer judgmeut-bnt in the Hebrew, Gabbatha. interpretation : if our Lord wee crucified on This wu probably 6l1 elevated nud fixed the first day of unleo.vened bread en<l after platform overlooking the temple-courts, or the Paschal meo.l, there would be a second joining the Cut.le of .Antonia with the prepe.r-u.tion of the PaBsover on tho.t day temple. Its etymology is NQ'=!-:lf, the ri<lge week, so thu.t John could not have spoken of the house or temple.• Ewald has en- of it with the precision which he used (see deavoured to find in the wor<l the root y:;,R, notes on eh. xiii. I ; xviii. 28).] The balance Aramaic for "insert," modified iuto V?~, of argument, so far as John is concerned, is in favour of the Passover meal being still in 1rnd then to suppose that we have here nn prospect, and the statement is made to call c:1:act equivo.lent to Ju8lurrporro11; but where attention to the fact that, as St. Pu.ul said, fris word occurs in the LXX. it is the equi- " Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us." ,· .. Jeut of the Hebrew 9~~• Song of Sol. Thus doubtleBS the blindness of the Jew■ is aggravated, and the typical and symbolio distinct "snyinga" which influenced Pilate. meaning of the correspondence between To girn the n.ccusntivc after lur.our., of the the rituo.l and its antitype emplln,sized. thing heo.rd, might easily have led to altera- Another serions perplexity occurs. It was tion of the genitivll, cupyi~ts uot perccivillg about the Bixth hour. This is in mauifest the personal interests involv11d in the sayillgs opposition with Mark's ete.tement (xv. 25) wllich now rang in Pilo.tc's uar. that the Crucifixion took place at the third 1 Rautzsch. • Gramm.'itik dCB Bibi. A.Ie.- hour, ond with all three of the synoptistB, mii.i~cLen,' p. 10, gives the pointing -ya.fJ{Ja.Ba, that the supernatural darkness overspread with R. T., 11.nd ramuks on W t:Stcott 11.nd Jerusalem from the sixth to the ninth hour. Hort (who, with Tregelles aud Alford, read This is repreBCnted u taking place after ·10.fJfJal!d., and_says it is an .Axamaic word, a,u;i~i our Lord had been hanging for some time flo.t. emph.at.. io tti:., &11 ekvation, which is upon the crosa. Some relief to tllie great [,;WllllliC to ~ - - difticulty of horology ill fo11n<l in the sligh* ou. x1x. 1-42.] THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO BT. JOHN. (23