EXPOSITION. ferent linee, with a diverse motive, and has CHAPTER XXL its own conclusion. Ven. 1-25.--3. The epilogue, a1U1111ering 3. The purpose is variously conceived by lo fAe prowgue. The post-resurrection life those who agree to regard it as an appendiz. ClllmlBpOnds with the pre-inca.rna.te energy (1) There are no rational external grounds of the Logoe. for attribnting any portion of eh. :ui. (un- 1. Long and snetained controversy he.a less it be the two verses, 24 and 25) to any prevailed on the question of the authenticity other hand than to that of the author of the end apostolic authorship of this chapter previous portion of the Gospel. Manuscript even among those who admit the Johannine authority is entirely unanimous in assuming authorship of the rest of the Gospel the integrity of the Gospel in this respect. 2. Among those who accept to the full There could no, have been any pel'iod the authenticity, there are many critics who when the first twenty chapters were pub- urge that it is not an integral portion of the lished without the accompaniment of this Gospel, but a later appendix, that the docu- " appendix." If any appreciable time had ment terminated, on its first composition, elapsed when thie was the case, the fact with eh. :u:. 30, SI, and that the chapter would he.ve been testified by the discrepancy hefore ns is dictated from a different motive- of the codices, or references, or versions of that wheree.s the first twenty chapters formed antiquity. It eeems that there is eome du- a collection of notable "signs " of the Mes- biety in the original form of Oode:i: N as to siahehip and Divine Bonship of Jesus, the twenty-fifth verse, though thedoubtoflts o.dapted to produce true faith and therehy editor did not extend to ver. 24. Critics are confer eternal life on the beliel'cr, the pre- divicled, however, on purely subjective 1md Hnt chap!cr is strurtur:i.lly disposed on dii- internal considerations, Eveu Hcngstcn• on, xxr. 1-25,J THE GOSPJ<~f, ACJCORDING 'JO ST. JOHN.
berg, who urgently' m11intains thllt the ohnp• overcome. I think, with Dr. Salmond, in ter le llll originlll nod integml portion of the e.n article in the lWrmthly Interpreter, April., Goepel, yet feels the contra.at so greo.t in its 1885, that all the inci<lon Is proceed on the genoro.l tone that, npnrt from the spiritual supposition that the disciples ha•l nil come nod nllogorico.l interpreto.tion to whioh he to a clenr understanding that the Lord hnd resorted, he woulcl "hove preferred to pass risen, They wore beginning to estimate .the whole cllllptcr by." Doubtless there the new light that this would cast on human .nre detnild whioh are to some extent stag• life, and a believer's dnty in the world. The gering; but the burden of argument ie great mo.jority of modern critics see in it strongly in favour of its Johnnnine origin, the representation, by the aid of one of the who.tever mo.y be its precise menning. Vere. numerous manifestotions of the forty dnys 14-18 nro without question eminently and before the Ascension, of the nature of our luminously Joho.nnine, and the reference to Lord's continuone presence with hie dis- the second advent ie in entire ho.rmony with ciples lo the end of time; his participation .oh. xiv, 3 o.nd other passages of the valedic- and enjoyment in the work which he had tory discourse. The nse of a few words and assigned to them ; the special commission phrases like ,rpo,/a.s "'1&11oµlv11s for ,rpo,1, and he gave to the two conspicuous and beloved of ,,011.µav and ii.,,a(«v, is so trifling that disciples, with indications of the meaning of similar deviations from customary phrase apostolic work, the perils it might encounter, might really be found in almost every other and the principles of holy service till he chapter, The whole chapter forms a com- should come again in hie glory. Those who plete paragraph, well compacted, and it can- regard the Gospel as a pione romnnce treat not be torn to pieces. So fhat we conclude, the chapter o.s a spiritualization of the Acte of both on internnl n.nd external grounds, that the Apostles written by a theologian of the .all clifilculties are eurmonnted by the sup- second century, Thus Thoma. Very many position thnt the author, after making a of these have called attention to the obvious .formal close to his Gospel as a whole, with references in this narra.ti ve to the Galilmau vere. 30 and 31 of the previous chapter, did, ministry and service of the fishermen as given before publication, either contemporaneously in the synoptic records, with the points of -or shortly afterwards, produce au appendix, special contrast between the first and the which was closely connected with the pre- la.test dxanght of fishes. Some, in an ad- -ceding, yet with o. different but highly sig- verse sense, have supposed that the evan- nifice.n t intention. gelist simply transfers, from the commence- (2) Critics have differed upon the inten- ment of the Ge.lilman ministry, the whole tion. Some hnve urged that it ie simply a incident, and modifies the details to suit his continuation and completion of the narra- different ideas concerning the Lord and his tive, with the object of 1·evealing the person- apostles. This is contradictory of the entire ality of the author and affording U1e means theory that we have urged with reference to of identification. : Ewald, with Grotius e.nd the Gospel itself. Those who are not strongly Keim, suggests, indeed, the.t it was written prejudiced against the idea of harmonizing by John the presbyter, or some friend of the four narratives rightly show that John -the apostle under his &motion, with no in- here blends the twofold traditions, preserved tenlion of concealing his part in the com- in Matthew and Luko, of the scenes of our position. mhcrs havo supposed that the Lord's post-resurrection self-manifestations. motive was to explain the origin of the Matthew lays all his emphasis on our Lord's legend that had a.risen with reference to tho appearance in G~lilce, for which he had prolongation of the apostle's life, by link- prepared the disciples on the night of the ing it to tho veritnble words of the Master Passion (xxvi. 32), and again by the mes- himself. The view of Dr. Westcott is thnt sage of the angels (uviii. 10); oucl this he the conviotiou of 'l'homas (oh. xx. 24-29) is sete forth in gre,1t majesty, oorr~sponding llie koy to the method of this oontinuntive probably with St. Paul's o.ssuranco that it n111Tnti vo; thnt the writer proceeds to gi vo w11s me.de or accompo.nied by n.n nppen.rauci! other nnd annlogous illustrotions of tho to more thnn tive hundred brethren nt once. method in whioh obatnoloe to fnith may he Luke, on the other hnud, fails to refer to nny JOHN,-11. 2K 498 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. JOUN. [oH. xxr.1-25.