might be most convenient to render it simi- tive H<J/o3o!ot occurs only here in the New larly here; but even so, it must mean with Testament, as the substantive H•voBo!ia i11 reference to the Spirit as ourrule and guide. only fount!. in Phil. ii. 3. 'l'he B~a from The vorb .,..,.o,x•"'• "to move iv a (u-ro,x••• wbich it is derived may be either '' notion,'" i.e.) line or row with others" (see Lidd-.,a "opinion," or "glory." Accordingly in nnd Scott), is no doubt chcrden in place of Wied. xiv. 14, and lgnatiDB. • Ad Magnes,' 1r•p11ra..,..,v, the more usual word for "walk," 11, 1<evo6o![a. appears to mean the following ns denoting an orderly, well-regulated way of vain, idle notions with which we may of behaviour. This tinge of meaning is compare the words opl!o6o~o,, e-rep&6o!ot. discernible in the other instances of its use But here ,c,v&ao(o, is considered by most in the New Testament, as eh. vi. 16; Rom. critics to mean" affecting, desirous of, empty iv. 12; Phil. iii. 16. glory;" so the Authorized Version," desirous • Ver. 26..:...Let us not be desirous of vain of vain glory," where "vain glory" are two glory (p.fi -yww,.,8a. KEVOoo!o•); let m not be words, not one. Such empty glory would vain-gloriom. The communicati11e form of mean glory founded On' distinctive qualities, exhortation in which the speaker conjoins which either are merely imaginary, not himself with those whom he addresses in existing at a.II, or which, if there, give no order to soften the tone of superiority im- real title to honour. Perhaps, however, the plied in exhorting t_hem, connects -this rnrse B&!a of this compoll.lld is always" notion," closely with the preceding one, in which. "opinion," only varying so far in meaning e.e also it is employed. ludeed, as in outward sometimes to denote opinions respecting our- form of expression this verse coheres with selves: as Suidas says, " K,vooo{la, a vain ver. 25, so also in substance it coheres thinking respecting one's self;" at other ~trictly with the whole passage beginning times, notions about other matters. Tbe best with ver. 13; for this is throughout levelletl interpretation of the word as here used is age.inst e. spirit of contentiousness then rife in suggested by the apostle's own words in the the' Ga.la.tian Churches. One oanse to which next chapter (ver. 3), " if a. man thinketh the apostle thinks this ill state of things to himself to be eomethingwhenheis nothing, be especially due was the spirit. of vain- he deceiveth himself." As again in Phil. ii. glory or self-ve.u.nting-a. weakness to which 3; "Doing nothing through factjon or through the Celtic re.ce he.e ever been markedly vain glory;" the a~nse of the second nouu is prone (see Lightfoot'e' Introduction,' p. H). illustrated by the converse," But in lowli- The softened form of exhortation visible in ness of mind each counting other better than the use of the first person plural h_ae been himself," suggesting its meaning to be the traced also by many critics in the use of the disposition to claim a superiority over others verb -y,v.:,,.,ea,· as if the writer meant to which we e,re not entitled to. '' Wise in our imply that they were not as yet really vain- o,vn conceits" (Rom. xii. 16) is one form of glorious, but were iu danger of becoming. so: this vicious quality; but there are others, This, however, is not so olear. This verb is all, however, fundamentally and intensely often used when there is no reference at all inimical to a spirit of loving sympathy with intended to passing out ·or a former state other men. Provoking. one another, envying iuto a new one, but simply as meo.ning" show one another (a,V,,\.\ovs -rrpoHaJl.06µ,vo,, a.\.\,\- one's self," "be in act, so and so.'' Thus .\o,s q,8ovoiiv-ru); challengilla one aaolher, Rom .. xvi. 2, ."she bath been (e-ylv..,.o) 11, envying one another. Here again are two succourer of many;" Phil. iii. 6, "found Greek words found nowhere el.e in the New (-y•vo,.•vo<) blameless;" 1 'fhees. i. 5, "what Tcstament---rrpoKaJl.oii,.a, ancl ,p8ovw. Th., manner of men we showed ourselves (,1-y•vfi- rendering of the first in the Authorize,! l!11J'<v);" ibid., ii. 7; Jae. i. 25. Very often Version," provoking," is perhaps not meant is this verb so used in exhortations, and in the sense in which this English verb is especially in the present tense; as Rom. xii. now commonly used, and in which it also 16, "Be not (p.¾, --,,lv,.,.8•) wise in your own frequently occurs in our English Bible, of conoeits;" l Cor. iv. 16, "Be (-y£.,,.,.o,) imi- "making angry," but in the proper sense of tators of me; " (so ibid., xi. 1 ; Phil. iii. 17) : the Lo.tin ,·erb pTOvocantes, "ch11lleug- 1 Cor. x. 82, "Be giving no occasion for ing," e.g., to legal coutroversy, orto bo.ttle, or stumbling (awpo1FK01ro1 -ylv• .,.8,) ; " xiv. 20, to mutual. comparative estimation in any "Be (1'lv•1T8<) not babes in understanding, way, Any superiority, real or imaginary. in but iu understanding be (-ylv•.,.8•) full-grown girts spiritual (as charisma) or natural, men; " and so often. In many of suoh cases iu eloqueuce, in theological ncquirements, iu there oan be no reference to preceding con- quo.lification for office, in public estimation, duot, whether in tho way of approve.I or dis- even in moml consistency (for what follows upproval but simply a.u exhortation to be in eh. vi. 1 seems to point in this last direc- or not io be so and so. The Authorized tion), might be among tho Galatians either Versioh, therefore, is quito right iu here a.n occasion for self-vaunting or a subject of rL•udcriug, "Let us uot be," etc. 'l'he adjec- envy on the part of thol!() who feB tl,cu,selve• 268 THE EPIS'l'LE TO THE GALATIANS.' [ CH. V, 1....._20,
<'ast in the shade. What it was in e.ctual and the "envying" on the part of .thdse who f&cts which g&'l'e the apostle oooasion for found themselves weak: botll fnulte being, administering this implied reproof, it is itn- however, tmce11.ble to ·one and the ee,me possible to conjecture. There is an evident root~the excessive wleh to be thought correlation between the " challenging" on much of. the pRrt of those who felt themselves strong,