most depreciatory" (see I Oor. ii. 14), "The secured,even at the expense or peRCe. Gentle, nl\turnl ma.n receiveth not the things of the and ea1y to be entreated ( bm <Kt/, eb1rE19tJ, ). Spirit of God," and J u<le 19, 'l'ux11col, The for~er of these two terms signifies ,rveiiµa µIi, txavTu. The ,j,uxf, in general "forbeanng nn<ler provocation" (cf. I Tim. in the New Testament is that which is iii. 3; Titns iii. 2; 1 Pet. ii. 18); the latter common to man with the brute creation, is found only here. Vulgate, auadibili,; inolu<ling the passions, appetites, etc. ; and Syria<', "obedient;" R.V. as A.V., "ea.sy therefore, by the use of this word ,j,ux11,&1 to be entreated," i.e. ready to forgive. Thus to describe the wisdom which cometh not the conjunction of the two terms l1rm,cfi, from above, but is "earthly, sensual [or, and eb1rE19f,, reminds us of the Je,vish 'animal '], devilish," we are reminded of the saying in 'Pirqe Aboth,' v. 17, describing contrast between the spirit of man which four characters in dispositions, in which the goeth upward and the spirit of a beast man who is "haTd to pro1Joke and easily which goethdownward (Eccles. iii. 21). The pacified" is set down a.a pious. Without "animal" man, then, is one who is ruled partiality (1,o,d,,,p,-ra,); here only in the New entirely by the ,j,uxf, in the lower sense of Testament. The word is used in the LXX. the word ; and by the depreciatory sense in Prov. xxv. 1; and by Ignatius (Eph. 3; given to the o.djective we are strongly re- Mago. 15; Trail. I), but none of these minded that "nature" is nothing without passages throw light on its meaning. It the aid of gra.ce. Bee further Archbishop ma.y be either (1) without variance, or (2) Trench's 'Synonyms ot the N. T.,' § Ixxi., without doubtfulness, or (3) without par- and for the later history of the word (it was tiality; probably (1) as R.V. text. Without applied by the Montanists to the ortho- hypocrisy; l&v,nr&Kp,Tos applied to 1r10-Tle in dox), Suicer's ' Thesaurus,' vol. ii p. 1589. 1 Tim. i 5; 2 Tim. i 5 ; to l&-y"1t'11 in Rom. Ver. 16 substantiates the assertion just xii. 9 ; 2 Cor. vi. 6 ; and to <f>lA..Se/1.<f>l,,. in made in ver. 15. Render, as in ver. 14, 1 Pet. i. 22. jealousy and faction. •A1<11T110'T<1<rl<1 : con- Ver. 18.-The fruit of righteonsneaa; an fusion, of which God is not the author expression taken from the Old Testament ; (1 Cor. xiv. 33). e.g. Prov. xi. 30; Amos vi. 12 ; and occurring Ver.117.-The wisdom which is from above; also in Phil. i. 11. Of tham the.t make peace. ;, liv.. Bev o-a<f>lc,, equivalent to mi•C,p ;io:in Toi's 11"0<0iiuw ,/p71vf,v may be either (1) "Jo-,, -e.n expression not unknown among rab- them,'' or (2) "by them that make peace.•· binical writers (see Schottgen, ' Horm This verse gives us St. Je.mes's version of Hebraicm,' vol. i. p. 1026). Firet pure, then the beatitude, " Blessed a.re the peace- peaoeable. "The sequence is that of thought, makers (J,c,,cd.p,o, ol ,ip11vorow£)" (Matt. v. 9). not of time" (Plumptre). Purity must be
HOMILETICS. Vers. 1-12.-Speech. I. THE GREAT RESPONSIBILITY OF TEACHERS. This is forcibly 11hown by St. Paul in 1 Cor. iii. 15, etc. Even of those who have built upon the right foundation the work is to be tested by fire, and " if any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire." What, then, must be the" greater condemnation "in store for others whose very foundation was faulty ? In a commentary especially designed for teachers of others, a strong recommendation may be permitted of Bishop Bull's noble sermon on the text, "Be not many masters : " 'Con- cerning the Great Difficulty and Danger of the Priestly Office ' (Bull's 'Works,' vol. i. sermon vi.). II. IMPORTANCE OF MASTERY OF THE TONGUE. Without a bit in the horse's mouth it is impossible for the rider to have command over his steed. So, without a bridle on the tongue, no man can govern himself aright. David felt this, and said, "I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I will keep my mouth with a bridle, while the wicked is before me" (Ps. x.xxix. 1). Even Moses, the meekest of men, was shut out of the land of promise because he "spake unadvisedly with his lips." And with regard to the one sin, of which we read that it "bath never forgiveness, neither in this world nor in the world to come,'' it is clear that it is a sin of the tongue, for it is always spoken of as" blasphemy," and never in general terms as" sin against the Holy Ghost." "We rule irrational animals with a bit; how much more ought we to be able to govern ourselves! " (Wordsworth). nr. 'l'HE VARIED CHARACTER OF SINS OF SPEECH, 1. Sins directly against God; e.g. blasphemy, the mockery of holy things, swearing. 2. Sins against our neighbour; e.g. 40 THE GENERAL EPISTLE OF JAMES. [oa. m.1-18,