Ver. 4.-The sac,·,:fice of Abel. "By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacri~~c," etc. The t.ext brings before our notice three chief points. I. lHE surERI0il!TY OF AnEL's SACRIFICE. "Dy faith Abel offered unto God 6 mo:e excellen~ sacrifice ~ban Cain." This superiority was manifest: 1. In the sacrifi,CtJ which was offered. In itself Abel's sacrifice was "more excellent" than that of Cain. In endeavouring to ascertain in what respect it was more excellent, it seems to us that we are not justified in going beyond the statements of the sacred Scriptures. And we are not aware of any satisfactory reasons for entertaining the opinion that Cain e.nd Abel had e. knowledge of the significance of the different kinds of se.crifices corresponding to that which was communicated by the Mosaic legislation. The narrative in Gen. iv. shows in whe.t the superiority of Abel's offering consisted. "Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord. And Abel, he also brought of the firstlinas of his flock and of the fat thereof." Each brought of his own. Cain, being" a tiller of the ground," offered of the things which the earth had yielded as the result of his culture• A bcl, being a shepherd, offered from his flock that which had been reared as the result of his care. This seems appropriate. But Abel selected the best of his flock for hie offering, while Cain does '.not appear to have made any such selection, but to have offered that which was most readily obtained. Gurnall states the case well : "Abel is very choice in the matter of his sacrifice; not any of the flock that comes first to hand hut the firstlings. Neither did he offer the lean of them to God, and save the fe.t fo; himself, but gives God the best of the best. But of Ca.in's offering no such care is recorded to be taken by him." When the heart is right even the best of our possessions will seem too poor to offer unto God. 2. ln the spirit of the offerer. This i~ the chief thing. 'l'he quality or the quantity of the offering itself is of little importance as compared with the spirit in which it is offered. "By faith Abel offered." This is the grand distinction. Abel had faith in God, while it is clearly implied the.t Cain had not. Abel seems to have been humble; C!.'.in we.s manifestly proud and presumptuous. This is clear from his anger at the non-acceptance of his offering, and his dreadfnl daring in bandying words with Jehovah. How could an offering from such e. character be acceptable to God? In his sight it is not the material but the moral and spiritual qualities that determine the worth or worthlessness of an offering. "The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, 0 God, thou wilt not despise." "I desire mercy, and not sacrifice." "Therefore if thou bring thy gift to the altar," etc. (Matt. v. 23, 24). IL THE DrVINE TESTIMONY TO ABEL'S CHABACTEB. "By which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts." 1. The matter of this testimony. " That he was righteous." He was a true believer in God, e. sincere and humble worshipper of him, an upright and honourable man. Our Lord spake of him as "Abel the righteous;" and St. John says that his works were righteous. "Jehovah had respect unto Abel and to his offering." 2. The manner of this testimony. "God testifying of his gifts." ID whe.t way did God manifest his acceptance of Abel's off@ring? Many suppose that it was consumed by fire from heaven, while that of Co.in remained untouched. But this seems to us very improbable; for the descent of fire to consume a sacrifice was very exceptional, and if it bad taken pie.ea on this occasion it would almost certainly he.ve been recorded. We are acquainted with only six cases recorded in the Bible in which a sacrifice was consumed by :fire of supernatural origin (Gen.xv.17; Lev.ix.24; Judg.vi.21; lKingsxviii.38; lChron.xxi.26; 2Chron. viL 1). And each of these cases was an extraordinary one. That no mention is made in the Scriptures of such :fire in connection with Abel's offerini? points to the conclusion that there wes no such :fire. Alford says, "We mUBt rather think of some appearance or word of Jehovah by which the preference was shown." Probably Abel was conscious that his offering was accepted by God, and Cain that his was rejected, by an inward witness ; the e.cceptance and rejection were intimated to the offerers by the direct e.ction of the Di vine mind upon their minds. IIL THE ABIDING INFLUENCE OF ABEL'S LIFE. " By it he being dead yet epeaketh." By reason of his faith his life is a permanent power for good to men. He speaks to us truths of the greatest importance; e.g.: 1. That God will graciously accept the worship of Binners when it is offered in a right spirit. 2. That faith is essential to the tme spirit o/ wursh,i,p, "By faith Abel offered unto Gorl," ctc, 1' Without ti\ith it is CH. xr. 1-40.] THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. 321
impoesible to please him," etc. 3. That when the true spirit of worship ezists mrzn will offer his best to God. Abel offered "of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof." When we feel aright toward God we ehall humbly and heartily present unto him the best of our thoughts, affections, services, and possessions.-W. J.