other view of the case is inconsistent with the gratuitous nature of justification, with the honour of Christ, and with the comfort and confidence of the believer.
§ 9. Objections to the Protestant Doctrine of Justification. It is said to lead to Licentiousness.
1. The first, most obvious, and most persistently urged objec- tion against the doctrine of gratuitous justification through the imputation of the righteousness of Christ, has already been inci- dentally considered. That objection is that the doctrine leads to license ; that if good works are not necessary to justification, they are not necessary at all ; that if God accepts the chief of sinners as readily as the most moral of men, on the simple con- dition of faith in Christ, then what profit is there in circum- cision ? in Judaism ? in being in the Church ? in being good in any form ? Why not live in sin that grace may abound ? This objection having been urged against the Apostle, it needs no other answer than that which he himself gave it. That an- swer is found in the sixth and seventh chapters of his Epistle to the Romans, and is substantially as follows :
First, the objection involves a contradiction. To speak of sal- vation in sin is as great an absurdity as to speak of life in death. Salvation is deliverance from sin. How then can men be delivered from sin in order that they may live in it. Or, as Paul expresses it, " How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein ? "
Secondly, the very act of faith which secures our justification, secures also our sanctification. It cannot secure the one without securing also the other. This is not only the intention and the desire of the believer, but it is the ordinance of God ; a necessary feature of the plan of salvation, and secured by its nature. We take Christ as our Redeemer from sin, from its power as well as from its guilt. And the imputation of his righteousness conse- quent on faith secures the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as cer- tainly, and for the very same reasons (the covenant stipulations), that it secures the pardon of our sins. And, therefore, if we are partakers of his death, we are partakers of his life. If we die with Him, we rise with Him. If we are justified, we are sancti- fied. Her therefore, who lives in sin, proclaims himself an unbe- liever. He has neither part nor lot in the redemption of Him who came to save his people from their sins.
Thirdly, our condition, the Apostle says, is analogous to that
172 PART IU. Ch. XVII. — JUSTIFICATION.
of a slave, belonging first to one master, then to another. So long as he belonged to one man, he was not under the authority of another. But if freed from the one and made the slave of the other, then he comes under an influence which constrains obedience to the latter. So we were the slaves of sin, but now, freed from that hard master, we have become the servants of righteousness. For a believer, therefore, to live in sin, is just as impossible as for the slave of one man to be at the same time the slave of another. We are indeed free ; but not free to sin. We are only free from the bondage of the devil and introduced into the pure, exalted, and glorious liberty of the sons of God.
Fourthly, the objection as made against the Apostle and as constantly repeated since, is urged in the interests of morality and of common sense. Reason itself, it is said, teaches that a man must be good before he can be restored to the favour of God ; and if we teach that the number and heinousness of a man's sins are no barrier to his justification, and his good works are no reason why he should be justified rather than the chief of sinners, we upset the very foundations of morality. This is the wisdom of men. The wisdom of God, as revealed in the Scrip- tures, is very different. According to the Bible the favour of God is the life of the soul. The light of his countenance is to rational creatures what the light of the sun is to the earth, the source of all that is beautiful and good. So long, therefore, as a soul is under his curse, there is no life-giving or life-sustaining intercourse between it and God. In this state it can only, as the Apostle expresses it, "bring forth fruit unto death." As soon, however, as it exercises faith, it receives the imputation of the righteousness of Christ, God's justice is thereby satisfied, and the Spirit comes and takes up his dwelling in the believer as the source of all holy living. There can therefore be no holiness until there is reconciliation with God, and no reconcilia- tion with God except through the righteousness imputed to us and received by faith alone. Then follow the indwelling of the Spirit, progressive sanctification, and all the fruits of holy living.
It may be said that this scheme involves an inconsistency. There can be no holiness until there is reconciliation, and no rec- onciliation (so far as adults are concerned) until there is faith. But faith is a fruit of the Spirit, and an act of the renewed soul. Then there is and must be, after all, holy action before there is reconciliation. It might be enough to say in answer to this objec-