(3) "Kniga pravil" nicut' ne predstavljaet avtorizovannago textus receptus, i posle eja izdanija sam Sv. Sinod ne redko privodil v svoih ukazah pravila po slavjanskoj redakcii "Kormcej knigi," a potom rekomendoval Afinskoe izdanie "Sintagmy" dlja vseh duhovno-ucebnyh zavedenij. Eto otkryvalo mesto dlja novoj obrabotki, kotoraja s razre?enija vys?ej duhovnoj vlasti i byla predprinjata Moskovskim "Ob?cestvom ljubitelej duhovnago prosve?cenija". Objavlenie ob etom bylo sdelano v N-re 3 "Moskovskih Eparhialnyh Cerkovnyh Vedomostej"za 1875 g., a v janvarskoj knizke togoze goda Moskovskago zurnala "Ctenija v Ob?cestve ljubitelej duhovnago prosve?cenija"byla napecatana i samaja "programma"izdanija (strn. 79-90 v otdele bibliografii. Po povodu eja professor kanoniceskago prava v Novororossijskom Universitete (skoncav?ijsja 16go avgusta 1898 g. professorom Moskovskago Universiteta) Aleksej Stepanovic Pavlov sdelal "Zamecanija na programmu izdanija, v russkom perevode, cerkovnyh pravil s tolkovanijami" v "Zapiskah Imperatorskago Novorossijskago Universiteta", t. XVI (Odessa 1875 g.) strn. 1-17 prilozenij (i v otdel'noj bro?ure), a posle perepecatal ih--s nekotorymi dopolnenijami--v Moskovskom zurnale "Pravoslavnoe Obozrenie"za aprel' 1876 g. (strn. 730-746) pod zaglaviem "O novom perevode tolkovanij na cerkovnyja pravila". Na eti vozrazenija otvecal professor cerkovnago prava v Moskovskoj Duhovnoj Akademii Aleksandr Feodorovic Lavrov v zurnale "Ctenija v Ob?cestve ljubitelej duhovnago prosve?cenija" (c. II, strn. 158-194 za 1877 g.) "Pecatnym pis'mom k Alekseju Stepanovicu Pavlovu". Tak postepenno opredelilsja plan izdanija, kotoroe pecatalos' snacala v prilozenijah k zurnalu "Ctenija v Ob?cestve i pr.", a potom javilos' i otdel'no in octavo v sleduju?cih vypuskah: (a) I-j "Pravila svjatih Apostol s tolkovanijami" v dvuh izdanijah--Moskva 1876 g. iz "Ctenij 1875 g., strn. 1-163) 4+12+175 strn., i ibid. 1887 g., 5+12+163 strn.; II-j "Pravila svjatyh vselennyh soborov s tolkovanijami"(iz "Ctenij" 1875 g., strn. 165-328; 1876 g., strn. 329-680; 1877 g., strn. 681-900) v dvuh castjah: 1-ja "pravila soborov 1-4" Moskva 1877 g., 260 strn., 2-ja "pravila soborov 5-7" ibid., 736 strn.; b) "Pravila svjatyh pomestnyh soborov s tolkovanijami" toze v dvuh vypuskah (iz "Ctenij" 1877 g., strn. 900-1066; 1878 g., strn. 1067-1306; 1879 g., strn. 1307-1410: 1-j (pravila soborov Ankirskago, Neokesarijskago, Gangrskago, Antiohijskago, Laodikijskago i Sardikijskago) Moskva 1880, strn. 359; 2-j (pravila soborov Karfagenskago [s poslanijami k pape Vonifatiju i pape Kelestinu], Konstantinopol'skago, Dvukratnago i vo hrame premudrosti slova Bozija) ibid. 1881, strn. 876; c) "Pravila svjatyh otec s tolkovanijami" ibid. 1884, strn. 626. Pri nih imeetsja otdel'nyj "Ukazatel' predmetov, soderza?cihsja v izdanii pravil apostol'skih, sobornyh i svjatyh otcev s tolkovanijami", Moskva 1888, 58 strn. in octavo. Greceskij tekst pravil privoditsja po izdaniju Suntagma ton Theion kai hieron kanonon...hupo G. A. Ralle kai M. Potln, 'Athenesin 1852-1854, rjadom s nim pome?cajetsja doslovnyj slavjanskij perevod tolkovanij vizantijskih kommentatorov (Zonary, Aristina, Val'samona), tekst i tolkovanija slavjanskoj Kormcej; vse eto soprovozdaetsja vydanijami i vsjakago roda pojasnenijami (istoriceskimi, filologiceskimi i t. p.). Izdanie eto specialistami spravedlivo scitaetsja ves'ma cennym v naucnom otno?enii. Glavnym redaktorom i dejatelem ego byl prof. A. F. Lavrov (v mona?estve Aleksij, skoncav?ijsja arhiepiskopom Litovskim i Vilenskim), no privlekalis' k ucastiju mnogija drugija lica i mezdu nimi prof. A. S. Pavlov.
(4) Russkij perevod pravil imeetsja tol'ko pri izdanijah Kazanskoj Duhovnoj Akademii: a) "Dejanija vselenskih soborov v perevode na russkij jazyk", t. I VII (7), Kazan' 1859-1878 (nekotorye tomy vo vtorom izdanii) i b) "Dejanija devjati pomestnyh soborov v perevode na russkij jazyk", odin tom, Kazan' 1878. Etot perevod sdelan po porucenii Sv. Sinoda, a pravila peredajutsja v nem po tekstu sobornyh dejanij.
Iz predstavlennago ocerka pecatnyh izdanij sobornyh pravil vidno, cto oni--v predelah svoej fakticeskoj primenimosti--pocitajutsja istocnikom dejstvuju?cago prava v Russkoj pravoslavnoj cerkvi, pocemu dlja neja osobennuju vaznost' imejut li?' avtoritetnyja vizantijskija, tolkovanija, o kotoryh su?cestvujut izsledovanija V. Demidova, harakter i znacenie tolkovanij na kanoniceskij kodeks greceskoj cerkvi--Aristina, Zonary i Val'samona--v "Pravoslavnom Obozrenii" t. II-j za 1888 g., Kazanskago prof. V. A. Narbskago, Tolkovanija Val'samona na nomokanon Fotija, Kazan' 1889, i Jur'evskago (=Derptskago) prof. M. E. Krasnozena, Tolkovateli kanoniceskago kodeksa vostocnoj cerkvi: Aristin, Zonara i Val'samon, Moskva 1892.
Otdel'nyh naucnyh tolkovanij vseh sobornyh pravil v russkoj literature net, no oni izlagajutsja i razjasnjajutsja v kursah cerkovnago prava (arhimandrit. [ep. Smolenskago] Ioanna, prof. N. S. Suvorova, I. S. Berdnikova, P. A. Laskareva, M. A. Ostroumova), v socinenijah po istorii vselenskih soborov (ep. Ioanna, prof. Alekseja Petrovica Lebedeva), v kanoniceskih i cerkovno-istoriceskih monografijah. Kasatel'no kriticeskago izdanija podlinnago teksta pravil est' ucenaja i poleznaja stat'ja (o knige Fr. Lauchert, Die Kanones usw., Freiburg i. Br. und Leipzig 1896) professora cerkovnnoj istorii v S. Peterburgskoj Duhovnoj Akademii Vasilija Vasilievica Bolotova v "Hristianskom Ctenii", vyp. IV-j za 1896 g., strn. 178-195.
Professor S.-Peterburgskoj Duhovnoj Akademii po kafedre Sv. Pisanija Novago Zaveta
Nikolaj Glubokovskij
S.-Peterburg, 1898, X, 11-voskresenie.
[18] Poetomu nekotorye bibliografy spravedlivo seitajut zdes' dva izdanija, iz koih 1653 g.--in folio--sostoit iz 37+1+60+1+16+679 listov i bylo perepecatano staroobrjadcami (raskol'nikami) v 1785 g. v Var?ave.
[19] Eto izdanie in folio v Moskve v dvuh castjah i knigah--v 1-j 2 nenum.+38+5+60+300+39 numerovannyh listov,--vo 2-j 1+2+235+16+37 listov.
[20] Vo vtoroj polovine XVII v. perevodil kanony Epifanij Slavineckij, a v pervoj polovine XVIII v. pravila apostol'skija i sobornyja byli perevedeny Vasiliem Kozlovskim i Grigoriem Poletikoju po greceskomu tekstu "Synodicon" a Beveregii, s kakovago izdanija sdelan byl novyj perevod v 1782 g.
A Bibliographical Index of the Printed Editions of the Canons of the Apostles and of the Councils in the Slavonic and Russian Languages.
(Prepared by Nicolas Glubokoffski, Professor of the Chair of the Holy Scriptures of the New Testament in the Ecclesiastical Academy of St. Petersburgh.) [21]
In the orthodox Russian Church, editions of the Conciliar Canons and Decrees have only been issued under the immediate disposition and sanction of the supreme ecclesiastical authority, and, in fact, are amongst those things which it is not within the competence of private scholars to undertake. Such editions therefore have been published in Russia only in accordance with practical requirements.
1. The earliest printed edition of the afore-mentioned canons appeared in the Slavonic "Kormchaja Kniga" [22] (=Gk. pedalion), the printing of which was commenced at Moscow, on October 7th, 1649, under the Patriarch Joseph of Moscow, and was finished on July 1, 1650; but the Patriarch Nicon caused it to be submitted to a Council for revision, in consequence of which certain pages were reprinted and inserted afresh into it. [23] Thereupon copies of this "Kormchaja" were distributed for use amongst the churches, and came into general circulation not earlier than the year 1653. The second edition of the "Kormchaja" appeared in 1787, after a revision under the Metropolitan Gabriel of Novgorod and St. Petersburgh, [24] and was followed by others (e.g., those of 1804, 1816, and 1823) without any alterations of importance. The latest editions differ from that of Nicon in certain particulars, but these particulars do not concern the ecclesiastical Canons, which are placed in the first part of the "Kormchaja" and include the 85 Apostolic Canons, the decrees of the sixteen councils (of Nicæa, Ancyra, Neocæsarea, Gangra, Antioch, Laodicea, the 2d, 3d, and 4th Ecumenical, Sardica, Carthage, Constantinople under Nectarius, in Trullo, a.d. 692, the 7th Ecumenical, the First-and-Second [council of Constantinople] and that in the church of St. Sophia) and the Canons of the 13 Holy Fathers.
2. In the printed "Kormchaja" the canons are set forth, not in their full text, but in a shortened form which sometimes gives but a very insufficient representation of the contents of the original. On this account attempts at full translations were made many years back, but these never appeared in print. It was not until 1839 that such an edition as this was put forth by the Holy Synod at St. Petersburgh, under the title: "The Book of the Canons of the Holy Apostles, of the Holy Ecumenical and local Councils, and of the Holy Fathers," printed in large folio in "the Imperial city of St. Peter, the first impression in the 7347th year from the creation of the world, and the 1839th from the Birth in the flesh of God the Word, indict. 12." In this edition there are 4 unnumbered leaves and 455 numbered pages. On each page there are two columns, for the original text and the new translation of the whole text into the Slavonic respectively, but without the commentaries of the Byzantine Canonists; occasionally, but rarely, notes based upon Zonaras or Balsamon are given, which are not always historically accurate (for instance, that to the 10th Canon of Ancyra, the 3d of Sardica, the 4th of Carthage, and the one which deals with the First-and-Second Council of a.d. 861) while in some places the text itself is not correct (for instance, in the 13th Canon of the 1st Ecumenical Council). This "Book of the Canons" subsequently went through the following editions: the 2d, printed in Moscow at the Synodal Press in 1862, in folio 8 leaves + 672 + 74 numbered pages, with Greek and Slavonic texts; the 3d ibid. in 1866, in quarto, 3 leaves + 373 pages + 1 leaf + 59 pages, with the Slavonic text only; the 4th, ibid. in 1874, in octavo, 4 leaves 4 + 455 pages + 2 leaves + 104 + 4 pages, also with the Slavonic text only; the 5th, ibid. in 1886, in folio, 3 leaves + 395 + 42 pages + 1 leaf, again with Slavonic text only.
3. The "Book of Canons" by no means represents an authorized textus receptus, and after its publication, the Holy Synod itself not unfrequently introduced the Canons as given in the Slavonic edition of the "Kormchaja Kniga" into its edicts, and moreover recommended the Athenian Edition of the "Syntagma" for all the ecclesiastico-educational establishments. This opened the way for a new work, which, with the permission of the supreme ecclesiastical authority, was undertaken by the Moscow "Society of Amateurs of Spiritual Enlightenment." The announcement of this was made in No. 3 of the "Moscow Diocesan Church Gazette" of the year 1875, whilst in the same year in the January number of the Moscow Journal, "Lectures delivered in the Society of Amateurs of Spiritual Enlightenment," the "programe" of the edition itself was printed (pages 79-90 in the section devoted to bibliography). In criticism of it the Professor of Canonical Law in the University of Novorossiisk, Alexis Stepanovich Pavloff (who died on August 16, 1898, as Professor of the University of Moscow) wrote "Notes on the programme of an edition, in a Russian translation of the Canons of the Church with Commentaries" in the sixteenth volume of "Memoirs of the Imperial University of Novorossiisk" (Odessa, 1875), pages 1-17 of the Appendix (and in a separate pamphlet), which was afterwards reprinted with certain additions in the Moscow Journal, "Orthodox Review," of April, 1876 (pages 730-746), under the title: "A new translation of the Commentaries upon the canons of the church." To these criticisms the Professor of Ecclesiastical Law in the Moscow Ecclesiastical Academy, Alexander Theodorovich Lavroff, wrote a reply in "Lectures delivered in the Society of Amateurs of Spiritual Enlightenment" (for the year 1877, part 2, pages 158-194), entitled "A printed letter to Alexis Stepanovich Pavloff." Thus the plan of the edition gradually took shape. It was first printed in the Appendices to the Journal "Lectures in the Society, etc.," and subsequently was published separately in octavo in the following parts (A) I. "The Canons of the Holy Apostles with Commentaries" in two editions--Moscow, 1876, (from "Lectures," 1875, pages 1-163) 4 + 12 + 175 pages, and ibid., 1887, 5-12 + 163 pages; II. "Canons of the Holy Ecumenical Councils with Commentaries" (from "Lectures" 1875, pages 165-325; 1876, pages 329-680; 1877, pages 891-900), in two parts: 1st "The Canons of the Councils I.-IV.," Moscow, 1877, 260 pages; 2d. "The Canons of Councils V.-VII.," ibid., 736 pages; (B) "The Canons of the Holy Local Councils with Commentaries," also in two parts (from "Lectures" 1877, pages 900-1066; 1878, pages 1067-1306; 1879, pages 1307-1410): the 1st (The Canons of the Councils of Ancyra, Neocæsarea, Gangra, Antioch, Laodicea, and Sardica) Moscow, 1880, 359 pages; the 2d (The Canons of the Councils of Carthage [with the letters to Pope Boniface and to Pope Celestine], Constantinople, the First-and-Second, and that in the Temple of the Wisdom of the Word of God) ibid., 1881, 876 pages; (C) "The Canons of the Holy Fathers with Commentaries," ibid., 1884, 626 pages. Together with these is a separate "Index of subjects contained in the edition of the Canons of the Apostles, Councils and Holy Fathers with Commentaries," Moscow, 1888, 58 pages in octavo. The Greek text of the canons follows the edition Suntagma ton theion kai ieron kanonon...hupo G. A. Ralle kai M. Potle, Athenesin 1852-1854, and alongside of it is placed a literal Slavonic translation, after which follows a Russian translation of the Commentaries of the Byzantine Canonists (Zonaras, Aristenus, Balsamon), and the text and commentaries of the Slavonic "Kormchaja;" all this is accompanied by introductions and explanations of all sorts (historical, philological, etc.). This edition is rightly considered by specialists to be of very great value from a scientific point of view. Professor A. Th. Lavroff (who became a monk under the name Alexis, and died Archbishop of Lithuania and Vilna) was its chief editor and had most to do with it, but many others took part in the work, and amongst these Professor A. S. Pavloff.
4. The only Russian translation of the canons which exists is contained in the publications of the Ecclesiastical Academy of Kazan: (a) "The Acts of the Ecumenical Councils translated into Russian," 7 volumes. Kazan, 1859-1878 (some of these volumes have run into a second edition) and (b) "Acts of the nine local councils translated into Russian," 1 volume, Kazan, 1878. This translation was made under the direction of the Holy Synod, and the Canons are reproduced in it according to the text of the Acts of the Councils.