[1886] Matt. v. 18.
III.
Where, then, ye friends of Christ, shall I begin? and with what shall I make my commencement, or what shall I expound? and what witness shall I adduce for the things spoken? But let us take those (viz., the prophets) with whom we began this discourse, and adduce them as credible witnesses, to confirm our exposition of the matters discussed; and after them the teaching, or rather the prophecy, of the apostles, (so as to see) how throughout the whole world they herald the day of the consummation. Since these, then, have also shown beforetime things not yet come to pass, and have declared the devices and deceits of wicked men, who are destined to be made manifest, come and let us bring forward Isaiah as our first witness, inasmuch as he instructs us in the times of the consummation. What, then, does he say? "Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence: the daughter of Zion shall be left as a cottage in a vineyard, and as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city." [1887] You see, beloved, the prophet's illumination, whereby he announced that time so many generations before. For it is not of the Jews that he spake this word of old, nor of the city of Zion, but of the Church. For all the prophets have declared Sion to be the bride brought from the nations.
[1887] Isa. i. 7.
IV.
Wherefore let us direct our discourse to a second witness. And of what sort is this one? Listen to Osea, as he speaks thus grandly: "In those days the Lord shall bring on a burning wind from the desert against them, and shall make their veins dry, and shall make their springs desolate; and all their goodly vessels shall be spoiled. Because they rose up against God, they shall fall by the sword, and their women with child shall be ripped up." [1888] And what else is this burning wind from the east, than the Antichrist that is to destroy and dry up the veins of the waters and the fruits of the trees in his times, because men set their hearts on his works? For which reason he shall indeed destroy them, and they shall serve him in his pollution.
[1888] Hos. xiii. 15.
V.
Mark the agreement of prophet with prophet. Acquaint yourself also with another prophet who expresses himself in like manner. For Amos prophesied of the same things in a manner quite in accordance: "Thus saith the Lord, Forasmuch therefore as ye have beaten the poor with the fist, [1889] and taken choice gifts from him: ye have built houses, but ye shall not dwell in them: ye have planted pleasant vineyards, but ye shall not drink wine of them. For I know your manifold transgressions, in trampling justice beneath your foot, and taking a bribe, and turning aside the poor in the gate from their right. Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time, for it is an evil time." [1890] Learn, beloved, the wickedness of the men of that time, how they spoil houses and fields, and take even justice from the just; for when these things come to pass, ye may know that it is the end. For this reason art thou instructed in the wisdom of the prophet, and the revelation that is to be in those days. And all the prophets, as we have already said, have clearly signified the things that are to come to pass in the last times, just as they also have declared things of old.
[1889] katenkondulisete in the text, for which read katekondulisate.
[1890] Amos v. 11, 12, 13.
VI.
But not to expend our argument entirely in going over the words of all the prophets, [1891] after citing one other, let us revert to the matter in hand. What is it, then, that Micah says in his prophecy? "Thus saith the Lord concerning the prophets that make my people err, that bite with their teeth, and cry to him, Peace; and if it was not put into their mouth, [1892] they prepared [1893] war against him. Therefore night shall be unto you, that ye shall not have a vision; [1894] and it shall be dark unto you, that ye shall not divine; and the sun shall not go down over the prophets, and the day shall be dark over them. And the seers shall be ashamed, and the diviners confounded." [1895] These things we have recounted beforehand, in order that ye may know the pain that is to be in the last times, and the perturbation, and the manner of life on the part of all men toward each other, [1896] and their envy, and hate, and strife, and the negligence of the shepherds toward the sheep, and the unruly disposition of the people toward the priests. [1897]
[1891] Manuscript E gives the better reading, logon hapanta tois ton propheton rhemasi, "our whole argument on the words of the prophets."
[1892] ei ouk edothe. Manuscript B omits ei = and it was not put into their mouth.
[1893] The text reads hegiasan. Manuscript B reads engisan. Migne suggests egeiran.
[1894] ex horaseos.
[1895] Mic. iii. 5-7.
[1896] For ten pros allelous anastrophen, Codex B reads diastrophen kai phthoran.
[1897] For anupotakton diathesin, Codex B reads ataxian = unruliness, and adds, kai goneis ta tekna misesousi , kai tekna tois goneusin epiballontai cheiras, "and parents shall hate their children and children lay hands on their parents."
VII.
Wherefore all shall walk after their own will. And the children will lay hands on their parents. The wife will give up her own husband to death, and the husband will bring his own wife to judgment like a criminal. Masters will lord it over their servants savagely, [1898] and servants will assume an unruly demeanour toward their masters. None will reverence the grey hairs of the elderly, and none will have pity upon the comeliness of the youthful. The temples of God will be like houses, and there will be overturnings of the churches everywhere. The Scriptures will be despised, and everywhere they will sing the songs of the adversary. [1899] Fornications, and adulteries, and perjuries will fill the land; sorceries, and incantations, and divinations will follow after these with all force and zeal. And, on the whole, from among those who profess to be Christians will rise up then false prophets, false apostles, impostors, mischief-makers, evil-doers, liars against each other, adulterers, fornicators, robbers, grasping, perjured, mendacious, hating each other. The shepherds will be like wolves; the priests will embrace falsehood; the monks [1900] will lust after the things of the world; the rich will assume hardness of heart; the rulers will not help the poor; the powerful will cast off all pity; the judges will remove justice from the just, and, blinded with bribes, they will call in unrighteousness.
[1898] For eis tous doulous apanthropoi authentesontai, Codex B reads, pros tous doulous apanthropian ktesontai.
[1899] For echthrou, Codex B reads, diabolou, the devil.
[1900] This does not agree with the age of Hippolytus.
VIII.
And what am I to say with respect to men, [1901] when the very elements themselves will disown their order? There will be earthquakes in every city, and plagues in every country; and monstrous [1902] thunderings and frightful lightnings will burn up both houses and fields. Storms of winds will disturb both sea and land excessively; and there will be unfruitfulness on the earth, and a roaring in the sea, and an intolerable agitation on account of souls and the destruction of men. [1903] There will be signs in the sun, and signs in the moon, deflections in the stars, distresses of nations, intemperateness in the atmosphere, discharges of hail upon the face of the earth, winters of excessive severity, different [1904] frosts, inexorable scorching winds, unexpected thunderings, unlooked-for conflagrations; and in general, lamentation and mourning in the whole earth, without consolation. For, "because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold." [1905] By reason of the agitation and confusion of all these, the Lord of the universe cries in the Gospel, saying, "Take heed that ye be not deceived; for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ, and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them. But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not yet by and by." [1906] Let us observe the word of the Saviour, how He always admonished us with a view to our security: "Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ."
[1901] peri anthropon, which is the reading of Codex B, instead of apo anthropon.
[1902] ametroi, the reading of Codex B instead of anemoi.
[1903] The text is, apo psuchon kai apoleias anthropon. We may suggest some such correction as apopsuchonton kat' apoleias anthropon ="men's hearts failing them concerning the destruction."
[1904] diaphoroi. Better with B, adiaphoroi = promiscuous, without distinction, and so perhaps continuous or unseasonable.
[1905] Matt. xxiv. 12.
[1906] Luke xxi. 8, 9.
IX.
Now after He was taken up again to the Father, there arose some, saying, "I am Christ," like Simon Magus and the rest, whose names we have not time at present to mention. Wherefore also in the last day of the consummation, it must needs be that false Christs will arise again, saying, "I am Christ," and they will deceive many. And multitudes of men will run from the east even to the west, and from the north even to the sea, saying, Where is Christ here? where is Christ there? But being possessed of a vain conceit, and failing to read the Scriptures carefully, and not being of an upright mind, they will seek for a name which they shall be unable to find. For these things must first be; and thus the son of perdition--that is to say, the devil--must be seen.
X.
And the apostles, who speak of God, [1907] in establishing the truth of the advent of the Lord Jesus Christ, have each of them indicated the appearing of these abominable and ruin-working men, and have openly announced their lawless deeds. First of all Peter, the rock of the faith, whom Christ our God called blessed, the teacher of the Church, the first disciple, he who has the keys of the kingdom, has instructed us to this effect: "Know this first, children, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts. [1908] And there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies." [1909] After him, John the theologian, [1910] and the beloved of Christ, in harmony with him, cries, "The children of the devil are manifest; [1911] and even now are there many antichrists; [1912] but go not after them. [1913] Believe not every spirit, because many false prophets are gone out into the world." [1914] And then Jude, the brother of James, speaks in like manner: "In the last times there shall be mockers, walking after their own ungodly lusts. There be they who, without fear, feed [1915] themselves." [1916] You have observed the concord of the theologians and apostles, and the harmony of their doctrine.
[1907] theegoroi. Codex B gives theologoi.
[1908] 2 Pet. iii. 3.
[1909] 2 Pet. ii. 1.
[1910] theologos.
[1911] 1 John iii. 10.
[1912] 1 John ii. 18.
[1913] Luke xxi. 8.
[1914] 1 John iv. 1.
[1915] hoi aphobos heautous poimainontes, instead of the received hoi apodiorizontes heautous.
[1916] Jude 18, 19.
XI.
Finally, hear Paul as he speaks boldly, and mark how clearly he discovers these: "Beware of evil workers, beware of the concision. [1917] Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit. [1918] See that ye walk circumspectly, because the days are evil." [1919] In fine then, what man shall have any excuse who hears these things in the Church from prophets and apostles, and from the Lord Himself, and yet will give no heed to the care of his soul, and to the time of the consummation, and to that approaching hour when we shall have to stand at the judgment-seat of Christ?>
[1917] Phil. iii. 2.
[1918] Col. ii. 8.
[1919] Eph. v. 15, 16.
XII.
But having now done with this account of the consummation, we shall turn our exposition to those matters which fall to be stated by us next in order. I adduce, therefore, a witness altogether worthy of credit,--namely, the prophet Daniel, who interpreted the vision of Nabuchodonosor, and from the beginning of the kings down to their end indicated the right [1920] way to those who seek to walk therein--to wit, the manifestation of the truth. For what saith the prophet? He presignified the matter clearly to Nabuchodonosor in the following terms: "Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image standing before thee, whose head was of gold, its arms and shoulders of silver, its belly and thighs of brass, its legs of iron, its feet part of iron and part of clay. Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hand; and it smote the image upon its feet, which were part of iron and part of clay, and brake them to pieces. Then was the clay, and the iron, and the brass, and the silver, and the gold broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing-floor; and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth."