[3826] We have translated martures "witnesses" and marturia "testimony" throughout.
[3827] Houses of friends and relatives. Olshausen takes them to be public buildings.
[3828] Rom. viii. 18. [On quotations from Scripture, etc., see Westcott, Canon, p. 378, ed. 1855.]
[3829] By "confinements" in this passage evidently is meant that the populace prevented them from resorting to public places, and thus shut them up in their own houses.
[3830] Luke i. 6.
[3831] From the heathen judge.
[3832] Luke i. 67.
[3833] The writer refers to St. John's Gospel (xv. 13): "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."
[3834] Rev. xiv. 4.
[3835] This expression seems to refer to what took place in athletic combats. The athletes were tested before fighting, and those in every way qualified were permitted to fight, while the others were rejected. This testing, Valesius supposes, was called diakrisis.
[3836] John xvi. 2.
[3837] The words here admit of two meanings: that something blasphemous might be uttered by them--such as speaking against Christ and swearing by Cæsar: or that some accusation against the Christians might be uttered by them--confirming, for instance, the reports of infanticide and incest prevalent against the Christians. The latter in this passage seems unquestionably to be the meaning.
[3838] 1 Tim. iii. 15.
[3839] Heinichen construes differently. He makes the "torturers astonished that Blandina gave her testimony that one kind of torture was sufficient to deprive her of life." Perhaps the right construction is to make hoti mean "because" or "for:" "They were astonished as Blandina bearing her testimony, for one kind of torture was sufficient to have killed her."
[3840] The words huperbeblemenos kai huper panta anthropon naturally go with hupomenon, and therefore intimate that Sanctus' endurance was greater than human; but we doubt if this is intended by the writer.
[3841] John vii. 38: "He that believeth on me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his bosom shall flow rivers of living water."
[3842] The holes were placed in a line, so that the further the hole in which one leg was put from the hole in which the other leg was put, the more nearly would the two legs form a straight line, and the greater would be the pain.
[3843] The dispensation is, that those who denied were not set free, but confined with the others; and that this harsh treatment and sad state of mind confirmed the resolution of those not yet apprehended to confess Christ. Various other explanations have been given, but this seems the most reasonable.
[3844] Ps. xlv. 13.
[3845] 2 Cor. ii. 15.
[3846] Of Christian.
[3847] We have adopted here an emendation of Routh's. The literal version of the common text is: "The testimonies of their departure were divided into every form."
[3848] The Greek is eis to demosion, was led "to the public building" to the wild beasts. The public building is taken to be the amphitheatre.
[3849] The words "several times" are represented in Greek by dia pleionon kleron, lit. "through several lots." When there were several athletes to contend, the pairs were determined by lot. After the first contest the victors were again formed into pairs by lot, until finally there should be but one pair left. See the process at the Olympic games described in Lucian Hermotimus, c. xl. p. 782.
[3850] The bestiarii, before fighting with wild beasts, had to run the gauntlet.
[3851] Rufinus translates jugulati sunt. Probably, "killed with the sword." The term may have been a technical one, being applied to the gladiators or bestiarii, whose death may have been looked on as a sacrifice to a god or a dead-hero.
[3852] Blandina was a slave: hence the mode of punishment. On this matter see Lipsius, De Cruce. [And my note, p. 784.]
[3853] Lord Hailes remarks that this alludes to Isa. xxvii. 1.
[3854] Ezek. xxxiii. 11.
[3855] Heinichen renders "the bride's garment," and explains in the following manner. The bride is the Church, the garment Christ, and the sons of perdition had no ideas what garment the Church of Christ should wear, had no idea that they should be clothed with Christ, and be filled with His Spirit. It is generally taken to be the marriage garment of Matt. xxii. 12.
[3856] She may have been his sister by birth, as some have supposed, but the term "sister" would have been applied had she been connected by no other tie than that of a common faith.
[3857] Rev. xxii. 11. Lardner thinks the passage is quoted from Dan. xii. 10. Credib., part ii. c. 16.
[3858] palingenesia. The term refers here to the new state of affairs at the end of the world.
[3859] Phil. ii. 6.
[3860] Rev. i. 5 and iii. 14.
[3861] The Greek is ten pros tous adelphous ton marturon prosegorian, generally translated, "offered to them by their brethren."
[3862] 1 Pet. v. 6.
[3863] The Greek is, pasi men apelogounto. Rufinus translated, "Placabant omnes, neminem accusabant." Valesius thought that the words ought to be translated, "They rendered an account of their faith to all;" or, "They defended themselves before all." Heinichen has justified the translation in the text by an appeal to a passage in Eusebius, Hist. Eccl., iv. 15.
[3864] Acts vii. 60.
[3865] Ps. xx. 4.
Note by the American Editor.
A French writer has remarked, "Ce n'est pas Spartacus qui a supprimé l'esclavage; c'est bien plutôt Blandine."
------------------------
Elucidation.
(In every succession, p. 764.)
Here our author mentions that he noted the succession of Bishops at Rome, but he gives his list with no remark about Rome in particular. He adds that "in every succession and in every city (i.e., in every See) a primitive accordance with the law and the Gospel is maintained." How can our excellent Lightfoot [3866] give it a colour wholly gratuitous in these words: "He interested himself in the succession of the Roman See, intent, like Irenæus in the next generation, on showing the permanence of the orthodox tradition, through the continuity of the Roman episcopate." Irenæus, who, above all the Westerns, is identified with the Orient!
Where is the evidence of any such idea or "intent"? As for Irenæus, his testimony has been sufficiently illustrated before, with proof that his words have not the slightest reference to the continuity of the Roman more than any other See, save only as the influx of visitors from other Sees helped to give it orthodoxy by their concurrent testimony.
------------------------
[3866] Ap. Fathers, part ii. vol. i. p. 435; and the same laxity, p. 384, coincident with his theory as to a virtual post-Apostolic development of episcopacy.
[3867] Compare vol. i. pp. 415, 460, and vol. v. Elucid. VI.; also Elucid. XI. pp. 157-159, this series.
Note.
It may be worth while to state here, that I have uniformly (mistakes excepted) put my chronological statements, at the head of introductions, into brackets, so as to make the reader sure that the Edinburgh edition is not to be responsible for them. Some have inferred, therefore, that what follows is from the Edinburgh; but I think my modes of expression sufficient, generally, to guard against misconception. Notes (like this) are sometimes marked, "By the American Editor," when I have feared a misleading ambiguity. Otherwise, I have been unguarded. All the introductions in these "Remains" are mine, save the prefatory paragraphs of the translator on pp. 747, 748. Annotations on my own material are not bracketed. The very large amount of work bestowed upon this edition can only be known by comparison with the Edinburgh. In several instances of delicate criticism I have obtained valuable aid from my beloved friend, F. P. Nash, Esq., of Hobart College, especially in questions of the low Latin or ambiguous Greek.
A.C.C.
Indexes
Index of Scripture References
Genesis
[1]1:1 [2]1:1 [3]1:1 [4]1:1-2 [5]1:2 [6]1:3 [7]1:5 [8]1:16 [9]1:18 [10]1:26 [11]1:26 [12]1:26 [13]1:27 [14]1:28 [15]1:31 [16]2:7 [17]2:10 [18]2:16-17 [19]2:20 [20]3 [21]3:5 [22]3:5 [23]3:6 [24]3:15 [25]3:19 [26]3:22 [27]3:22 [28]3:22 [29]3:22 [30]4:12 [31]4:26 [32]5:24 [33]5:24 [34]6:2 [35]6:2 [36]6:3 [37]6:4 [38]6:6 [39]6:9 [40]7:1 [41]8:1 [42]8:21 [43]8:21 [44]9:1 [45]9:11 [46]11:3 [47]11:7 [48]11:28 [49]12:3 [50]12:3 [51]15 [52]15:13-16 [53]17:5 [54]17:17 [55]18:3 [56]18:4 [57]18:21 [58]19:11 [59]20:3 [60]22:1 [61]22:12 [62]22:13 [63]22:17 [64]23:9 [65]23:9 [66]23:17 [67]25:34 [68]27:25 [69]29:33 [70]29:35 [71]30:8 [72]30:14 [73]30:20 [74]32:24 [75]34:7 [76]35:18 [77]35:21 [78]35:22 [79]37:2 [80]37:19 [81]37:22 [82]37:28 [83]37:28 [84]37:29 [85]38:1 [86]38:5 [87]38:6 [88]38:12 [89]39:1 [90]41:5 [91]41:25 [92]41:45 [93]42:21-24 [94]42:22 [95]42:24 [96]45:2 [97]48:7 [98]48:16 [99]49:3 [100]49:7 [101]49:10 [102]49:10 [103]49:10 [104]49:21 [105]49:27 [106]50:26
Exodus
[107]3 [108]4:3-4 [109]7:1 [110]7:9 [111]7:10-14 [112]7:19-20 [113]8:19 [114]12 [115]13:2 [116]14:31 [117]15:1 [118]15:4 [119]19:9 [120]22:28 [121]22:28 [122]22:28 [123]22:28 [124]23:20-21 [125]24:18 [126]25:4 [127]25:10 [128]28:27 [129]28:28 [130]28:35-36 [131]28:36-38 [132]29 [133]29:5-6 [134]30:23 [135]30:23 [136]33:11 [137]33:14 [138]33:19 [139]33:20 [140]33:21 [141]33:23 [142]34:1 [143]34:28 [144]34:29 [145]35:3
Leviticus
[146]2:13 [147]8 [148]11:5 [149]11:7 [150]11:44 [151]12:4 [152]12:8 [153]24:16 [154]24:16
Numbers
[155]1:51 [156]3:32 [157]3:45 [158]5:11 [159]11:16 [160]11:34 [161]12:3 [162]12:6-7 [163]12:7 [164]15:25 [165]16:31-33
Deuteronomy
[166]2:23 [167]4:34 [168]4:39 [169]4:39 [170]6:4 [171]6:4 [172]6:4 [173]6:13 [174]6:13 [175]6:13 [176]6:13 [177]8:11 [178]9:9 [179]10:14 [180]10:14-15 [181]10:17 [182]10:17 [183]10:17 [184]10:17 [185]10:17 [186]10:20 [187]12:11 [188]13:1 [189]13:1-3 [190]13:6 [191]17 [192]17:6 [193]17:6 [194]17:15 [195]18:15 [196]18:15-19 [197]19:15 [198]21:23 [199]25:3 [200]25:3 [201]25:7-9 [202]27:15 [203]27:17 [204]30:15 [205]31 [206]32:7 [207]32:8 [208]32:8 [209]32:12 [210]32:17 [211]32:35 [212]32:39 [213]32:39 [214]33:2 [215]33:12 [216]34:5-6 [217]34:6 [218]34:10
Joshua
[219]3:16 [220]7:19-20 [221]15:34 [222]15:44 [223]16:8 [224]17:8 [225]19:30 [226]19:43 [227]23:7 [228]23:7 [229]23:7 [230]24:30
Judges
[231]2:9 [232]9:46 [233]13:16 [234]13:20 [235]13:25 [236]14:1
1 Samuel
[237]1:6-7 [238]1:9-18 [239]1:11 [240]2:3 [241]5:3 [242]9:23 [243]12:22 [244]15:11 [245]16:13 [246]16:14 [247]17:44
2 Samuel
[248]19:21 [249]20:1 [250]23:30
1 Kings
[251]2:11 [252]8:56-58 [253]11:1 [254]11:11 [255]17 [256]18 [257]19:8 [258]21:10 [259]21:13
2 Kings
[260]2:8 [261]2:11 [262]2:12-18 [263]4:27 [264]23:13
1 Chronicles
[265]2:43 [266]4:22 [267]11:36
2 Chronicles
[268]7:12 [269]24:20-22 [270]27:3
Esther
[271]10:12
Job
[272]3 [273]5:12-13 [274]29:13-17 [275]29:15 [276]40:19
Psalms
[277]1:1 [278]1:20 [279]2:5 [280]2:9 [281]3:5 [282]5 [283]7:15 [284]8:3 [285]9:17 [286]9:18 [287]10:5 [288]11:4 [289]12:2-4 [290]16:5 [291]18:1 [292]18:9 [293]18:11 [294]18:25-26 [295]18:26 [296]18:31 [297]18:41 [298]18:43 [299]18:50 [300]18:50 [301]19:1 [302]19:1 [303]19:4 [304]19:8 [305]19:12 [306]20:4 [307]24:3 [308]24:4 [309]24:7 [310]24:7 [311]24:7 [312]24:7-8 [313]24:8 [314]24:10 [315]27:10 [316]29 [317]30:1-6 [318]31:5 [319]32:1 [320]33:22 [321]34:1 [322]34:13 [323]35:10 [324]37:29 [325]39:1 [326]39:12 [327]44:21 [328]44:21 [329]44:23 [330]45:1 [331]45:1 [332]45:6 [333]45:11 [334]45:13 [335]47:8 [336]47:8 [337]48:13-14 [338]48:14 [339]48:14 [340]49:14 [341]50:1 [342]51:5 [343]51:7 [344]51:12 [345]51:13 [346]51:17 [347]51:19 [348]57:1 [349]57:6 [350]65:9 [351]68:18 [352]68:33 [353]71:19 [354]72:8 [355]72:11 [356]72:17 [357]73:1-3 [358]76:11 [359]77:19 [360]78:2 [361]82:1 [362]84:10 [363]86:8 [364]86:8 [365]86:8 [366]86:13 [367]89:20 [368]89:44-45 [369]92:7 [370]93 [371]94:11 [372]94:11 [373]98:1-2 [374]98:6 [375]102:19-20 [376]102:26 [377]102:26-27 [378]103:4 [379]103:14-16 [380]104:4 [381]106:3 [382]107:15-17 [383]110:1 [384]110:3 [385]110:4 [386]116:15 [387]116:16 [388]118:16 [389]118:23 [390]118:23 [391]118:25 [392]118:26 [393]118:26 [394]118:26 [395]118:26-27 [396]119:107 [397]119:137 [398]119:167 [399]120 [400]120 [401]121:4 [402]125:3 [403]130:7 [404]132:11 [405]133:1 [406]133:1 [407]137:4 [408]146:3 [409]146:4 [410]147:5 [411]148:7
Proverbs
[412]3:3-4 [413]4:18 [414]6:25 [415]6:26 [416]6:27 [417]6:28-29 [418]8:30 [419]8:31 [420]12:15 [421]13:3 [422]13:24 [423]14:12 [424]14:29 [425]15:19 [426]18:6 [427]18:19 [428]19:25 [429]19:28 [430]21:1 [431]21:23 [432]22:28 [433]24:17 [434]25:11 [435]26:4 [436]26:9
Ecclesiastes
[437]2:8 [438]3:1 [439]3:2 [440]3:5 [441]3:7 [442]3:20 [443]7:26 [444]12:4 [445]12:7
Song of Solomon
[446]2:2 [447]2:8 [448]4:14 [449]4:14 [450]6:9
Isaiah
[451]1:3 [452]1:3 [453]1:3 [454]1:8 [455]1:20 [456]2:3 [457]3:10 [458]6:3 [459]9:1-2 [460]9:2 [461]9:2 [462]9:6 [463]11:1-2 [464]11:2 [465]11:6 [466]12:3 [467]19:1 [468]19:20 [469]22:13 [470]24:20 [471]26:19 [472]26:19 [473]27:1 [474]28:7 [475]28:16 [476]29:21 [477]33:22 [478]40:4 [479]40:6 [480]40:12 [481]40:26-27 [482]43:24 [483]44:6 [484]44:6 [485]45:21 [486]49:15 [487]49:18 [488]51:7 [489]52:15 [490]52:15 [491]53:1 [492]53:1 [493]56:4-5 [494]61:1-3 [495]61:9 [496]61:9 [497]64:4 [498]65:1 [499]65:25 [500]66:2 [501]66:21
Jeremiah
[502]1:16 [503]2:9 [504]2:27 [505]6:16 [506]6:20 [507]8:4 [508]9:23-24 [509]10:11 [510]10:11 [511]10:11 [512]16:16 [513]16:20 [514]17:5 [515]17:5 [516]17:10 [517]17:14 [518]18:11 [519]31:19 [520]33:15 [521]33:20-22
Lamentations
[522]1:18 [523]3:38 [524]3:41 [525]4:16
Ezekiel
[526]2:6 [527]18:21-22 [528]18:32 [529]18:33 [530]21:12 [531]27:19 [532]27:19 [533]33:7 [534]33:11 [535]33:11 [536]37:27 [537]48:26-27
Daniel
[538]1:15 [539]2:12 [540]2:31 [541]3:25 [542]4:10-23 [543]4:13 [544]4:35 [545]7:9 [546]7:13 [547]7:22 [548]9:27 [549]10:3 [550]10:21 [551]12:1 [552]12:10
Hosea
[553]1:2 [554]1:7 [555]1:10-11 [556]5:2 [557]5:8 [558]6:6 [559]6:6 [560]6:6 [561]9:14 [562]11:1 [563]13:14 [564]13:14 [565]14:10
Joel
[566]3:2 [567]3:12
Amos
[568]9:7
Micah
[569]1:3 [570]1:14 [571]5:2 [572]5:2 [573]7:18-20
Habakkuk
[574]1:5 [575]3:2 [576]3:6 [577]3:13
Zechariah
[578]2:8 [579]8:1-19 [580]14:9
Malachi
[581]3:1 [582]4:2 [583]4:2
Matthew
[584]1 [585]1:16 [586]1:18-24 [587]1:19 [588]1:19 [589]1:20 [590]1:20-24 [591]2:1-12 [592]2:1-12 [593]2:1-12 [594]2:2 [595]2:11 [596]2:13-14 [597]2:13-15 [598]2:14 [599]2:14-16 [600]2:15 [601]2:16 [602]2:16 [603]2:16 [604]2:19-23 [605]2:26 [606]3:3 [607]3:11 [608]3:12 [609]3:12 [610]3:12 [611]3:13-17 [612]3:17 [613]4 [614]4:2 [615]4:5 [616]4:10 [617]4:10 [618]4:10 [619]4:16 [620]4:19 [621]4:24 [622]5:3 [623]5:3 [624]5:5 [625]5:6 [626]5:7 [627]5:7 [628]5:8 [629]5:8 [630]5:8 [631]5:8 [632]5:8 [633]5:8 [634]5:8 [635]5:8 [636]5:9 [637]5:9 [638]5:10 [639]5:14 [640]5:14 [641]5:14-15 [642]5:16 [643]5:17 [644]5:18 [645]5:18 [646]5:18 [647]5:22 [648]5:28 [649]5:28-29 [650]5:34-35 [651]5:37 [652]5:37 [653]5:39 [654]5:39-41 [655]5:40 [656]5:44 [657]5:44-45 [658]5:45 [659]5:45 [660]5:45 [661]6:6 [662]6:6 [663]6:8 [664]6:9 [665]6:13 [666]6:22 [667]6:24 [668]6:25 [669]6:27 [670]6:32 [671]6:32 [672]6:33 [673]6:33 [674]6:33 [675]6:33 [676]6:33 [677]6:33 [678]6:34 [679]7:2 [680]7:6 [681]7:6 [682]7:6 [683]7:6 [684]7:6 [685]7:7 [686]7:7 [687]7:7 [688]7:9-11 [689]7:12 [690]7:12 [691]7:13-14 [692]7:21 [693]8:1-4 [694]8:9 [695]8:11 [696]8:11 [697]8:11-12 [698]8:24-26 [699]8:26 [700]8:29 [701]8:31 [702]9 [703]9:13 [704]9:13 [705]9:17 [706]9:20-22 [707]9:20-26 [708]9:37 [709]9:37-38 [710]9:37-38 [711]10 [712]10:2-4 [713]10:4 [714]10:5 [715]10:7-10 [716]10:8 [717]10:9 [718]10:10 [719]10:10 [720]10:11 [721]10:12 [722]10:12-15 [723]10:16 [724]10:16 [725]10:16 [726]10:23 [727]10:24 [728]10:25 [729]10:26 [730]10:28 [731]10:28 [732]10:29-30 [733]10:30 [734]10:33 [735]10:34 [736]10:34 [737]10:34 [738]10:35-36 [739]10:39 [740]10:42 [741]11:8 [742]11:8 [743]11:9 [744]11:10 [745]11:11 [746]11:11 [747]11:23 [748]11:25 [749]11:25 [750]11:25 [751]11:25 [752]11:25 [753]11:25 [754]11:27 [755]11:27 [756]11:27 [757]11:28 [758]11:29 [759]11:30 [760]11:30 [761]12:7 [762]12:7 [763]12:19 [764]12:25 [765]12:26 [766]12:33 [767]12:33 [768]12:34 [769]12:36 [770]12:41 [771]12:41 [772]12:42 [773]12:42 [774]12:44 [775]12:45 [776]12:50 [777]13 [778]13:3 [779]13:11 [780]13:17 [781]13:23 [782]13:35 [783]13:39 [784]13:39 [785]13:41 [786]13:43 [787]13:43 [788]13:46 [789]13:52 [790]14:17 [791]14:25 [792]15:13 [793]15:14 [794]15:14 [795]16:13 [796]16:16 [797]16:18 [798]16:19 [799]16:19 [800]16:22 [801]16:24 [802]16:27 [803]17:5 [804]17:20 [805]17:20 [806]17:20 [807]17:21 [808]18:7 [809]18:7 [810]18:7 [811]18:10 [812]18:16 [813]18:18 [814]18:18 [815]19:8 [816]19:12 [817]19:12 [818]19:16 [819]19:16 [820]19:17 [821]19:17 [822]19:17 [823]19:23 [824]19:24 [825]19:28 [826]19:28 [827]19:29 [828]20:16 [829]20:28 [830]21:8-9 [831]21:9 [832]21:9 [833]21:22 [834]21:22 [835]22 [836]22:2-14 [837]22:3-14 [838]22:11 [839]22:12 [840]22:23 [841]22:29 [842]22:29 [843]22:30 [844]22:30 [845]22:32 [846]22:39 [847]22:39 [848]22:42-45 [849]23 [850]23:2-3 [851]23:2-3 [852]23:3 [853]23:9 [854]23:9 [855]23:23-24 [856]23:25-26 [857]23:35 [858]23:37 [859]24 [860]24:2 [861]24:2 [862]24:15 [863]24:24 [864]24:27 [865]24:30 [866]24:30 [867]24:34 [868]24:35 [869]24:45-50 [870]24:45-51 [871]25:2 [872]25:27-30 [873]25:33 [874]25:35-36 [875]25:36 [876]25:40 [877]25:41 [878]25:41 [879]26:21 [880]27:13-14 [881]27:15-18 [882]27:15-26 [883]27:19 [884]27:19 [885]27:21-23 [886]27:25 [887]27:25 [888]27:25 [889]27:29 [890]27:34 [891]27:34 [892]27:40-42 [893]27:45 [894]27:45 [895]27:46 [896]27:48 [897]27:51 [898]27:51 [899]27:51-53 [900]27:52 [901]27:52 [902]27:53 [903]27:56 [904]27:60 [905]27:62 [906]27:62-66 [907]27:63 [908]27:63 [909]28:1-8 [910]28:5-7 [911]28:11-15 [912]28:13 [913]28:19-20 [914]28:19-20 [915]28:20