[154] Luke i. 67.
[155] Luke i. 68.
[156] Luke i. 69.
[157] Luke i. 70.
[158] Luke i. 71.
[159] Luke i. 72.
[160] Luke i. 73.
[161] Luke i. 74.
[162] Or, should.
[163] Luke i. 75.
[164] Luke i. 76.
[165] Luke i. 77.
[166] Here and elsewhere the Arabic translator uses life and live and give life, as in Syriac, for salvation, etc.
[167] Luke i. 78.
[168] Borg. ms. has and for of.
[169] The word used in the Peshitta means visit, either in the sense of caring for or in that of frequenting. See § 24, 29.
[170] So Borg. ms. The Vat. ms. is very indistinct. Lagarde (see Introduction, 13, note), quoting Guidi, prints Whereby there visiteth us the manifestation from on high. The difference in Arabic is in a single stroke.
[171] Luke i. 79.
[172] Luke i. 80.
Section II.
[1] [Arabic, p. 7] [173] Now [174] the birth of Jesus the Messiah was on this wise: In the time when his mother was given in marriage to Joseph, before they came together, [2] she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. [175] And Joseph her husband was a just man and did not wish to expose her, and he purposed to put her away secretly. [3] [176] But when he thought of this, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, and said unto him, Joseph, son of David, fear not to take Mary thy wife, for that [4] which is begotten [177] in her is of the Holy Spirit. [178] She shall bear a son, and thou shalt [5] call his name Jesus, and he shall save [179] his people from their sins. [180] And all this was that the saying from the Lord by the prophet might be fulfilled:
[6] [181] Behold, the virgin shall conceive, and bear a son,
And they shall call his name Immanuel,
[7] which is, being interpreted, With us is our God. [182] And when Joseph arose from his [8] sleep, he did as the angel of the Lord commanded him, and took his wife; [183] and knew her not until she brought forth her firstborn son.
[9] [184] And in those days there went forth a decree from Augustus Cæsar that all the [10] people of his dominion [185] should be enrolled. [186] This first enrolment was [187] while Quirinius [11, 12] was governor of Syria. [188] And every man went to be enrolled in his city. [189] And Joseph went up also from Nazareth, a city of Galilee, to Judæa, to the city of David [13] which is called Bethlehem (for he was of the house of David and of his tribe), [190] with [14] [Arabic, p. 8] Mary his betrothed, she being with child, to be enrolled there. [191] And while [15] she was there the days for her being delivered were accomplished. [192] And she brought forth her firstborn son; and she wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them where they were staying.
[16] [193] And there were in that region shepherds abiding, keeping their flock in the watch [17] of the night. [194] And behold, the angel of God came unto them, and the glory of the [18] Lord shone upon them; and they were greatly terrified. [195] And the angel said unto them, Be not terrified; for I bring you tidings of great joy which shall be to the [19] whole world; [196] there is born to you this day a Saviour, which is the Lord the Messiah, [20] in the city of David. [197] And this is a sign for you: ye shall find a babe wrapped [21] in swaddling cloths and laid in a manger. [198] And there appeared with the angels suddenly many heavenly forces praising [199] God and saying,
[22] [200] Praise be to God in the highest,
And on the earth peace, and good hope to men.
[23] [201] And when the angels departed from them to heaven, the shepherds spake to one another and said, We will go to Bethlehem and see this word which hath been, as [24] the Lord made known unto us. [202] And they came with haste, and found Mary and [25] Joseph, and the babe laid in a manger. [203] And when they saw, they reported the word [26] which was spoken to them about the child. [204] And all that heard wondered at the [27] description which the shepherds described [205] to them. [206] But Mary kept these [207] sayings [28] and discriminated [208] them in her heart. [209] And those shepherds returned, magnifying and praising God for all that they had seen and heard, according as it was described unto them.
[29] [Arabic, p. 9] [210] And when eight days were fulfilled that the child should be circumcised, his name was called Jesus, being that by which he was called by the angel before his conception in the womb.
[30] [211] And when the days of their purification according to the law of Moses were [31] completed, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him before the Lord [212] (as it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male opening the womb shall be called the [32] holy thing of the Lord), [213] and to give a sacrificial victim as it is said in the law of [33] the Lord, A pair of doves or two young pigeons. [214] And there was in Jerusalem a man whose name was Simeon; and this man was upright and pious, and expecting [34] the consolation of Israel; and the Holy Spirit was upon him. [215] And it had been said unto him by the Holy Spirit, that he should not see death till he had seen with [35] his eyes the Messiah [216] of the Lord. [217] And this man came by the Spirit to the temple; and at the time when his parents brought in the child Jesus, that they might [36] present for him a sacrifice, as it is written in the law, [218] he bare him in his arms and praised God and said,
[37] [219] Now loosest thou the bonds of thy servant, O Lord, in peace,
According to thy saying;
[38] [221] For mine eye hath witnessed thy mercy,
[39] [222] Which thou hast made ready because of the whole world;
[40] [223] A light for the unveiling [224] of the nations,
And a glory to thy people Israel.
[41] [225] And Joseph and his mother were marvelling at the things which were being said [42] concerning him. [226] And Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, Behold, he is set for the overthrow and rising of many in Israel; and for a sign of contention; [43] [227] and a spear [228] shall pierce [229] through thine own soul; that the thoughts of the [44] [Arabic, p. 10] hearts of many may be revealed. [230] And Anna the prophetess, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher, was also advanced in years (and she dwelt [45] with her husband seven years from her virginity, [231] and she remained a widow about eighty-four years); and she left not the temple, and served night and day with [46] fasting and prayer. [232] And she also rose in that hour and thanked the Lord, and she [47] spake of him with every one who was expecting the deliverance of Jerusalem. [233] And when they had accomplished everything according to what is in the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to Nazareth their city.
[173] Matt. i. 18.
[174] This is preceded in Vat. ms. by the genealogy, Matt. i. 1-17 (see Introduction, 13), with the marginal note The Beginning of the Gospel of Matthew. (Lagarde, op. cit., 1886, p. 154.) The text presents nothing worthy of note in this place except that verse 16, construed on the same principle as the preceding verses, to which, except in the words printed in italics, it is strictly parallel in construction, reads thus: "Jacob begat Joseph, the husband of Mary, who of her begat Jesus, the Messiah" (cf. the remarkable reading of Sin. Syriac). As it stands, this is the only possible interpretation of the words, for who is masculine. But a mistake in the gender of a relative pronoun is very common in Arabic among illiterate people, while in Syriac there is, to begin with, no distinction. If then we correct the relative, who of her will become of whom (fem.), and begat will of course be construed as passive. We thus get the text followed in Ibn-at-Tayyib's Commentary, the ordinary reading of the Peshitta, of whom was born Jesus.
[175] Matt. i. 19.
[176] Matt. i. 20.
[177] The Arabic might even more naturally be rendered born, thus giving us the reading that Ishodad tells us was that of the Diatessaron (Harris, Fragments, p. 16 f.); but throughout the whole genealogy (see § 1, 81, note) this word has been used by the Vat. ms. in the sense of begat. Here the Borg. ms. has of her for in her; but Ibn-at-Tayyib in his Commentary discusses why Matthew wrote in and not of.
[178] Matt. i. 21.
[179] cf. § 1, 78.
[180] Matt. i. 22.
[181] Matt. i. 23.
[182] Matt. i. 24.
[183] Matt. i. 25a.
[184] Luke ii. 1.
[185] The Arabic expression is clearly meant to represent that used in the Peshitta.
[186] Luke ii. 2.
[187] This is the most natural meaning of the Arabic sentence; which, however, is simply a word-for-word reproduction.
[188] Luke ii. 3.
[189] Luke ii. 4.
[190] Luke ii. 5.
[191] Luke ii. 6.
[192] Luke ii. 7.
[193] Luke ii. 8.
[194] Luke ii. 9.
[195] Luke ii. 10.
[196] Luke ii. 11.
[197] Luke ii. 12.
[198] Luke ii. 13.
[199] The Arabic represents Syr. idiom.
[200] Luke ii. 14.
[201] Luke ii. 15.
[202] Luke ii. 16.
[203] Luke ii. 17.
[204] Luke ii. 18.
[205] cf. § 1, 66, note.
[206] Luke ii. 19.
[207] Borg. ms. inserts all above the line, after these. The meaning ought then to be, these things, namely, all the sayings.
[208] The Arab. might mean set them apart; but the Syriac is against this.
[209] Luke ii. 20.
[210] Luke ii. 21.
[211] Luke ii. 22.
[212] Luke ii. 23.
[213] Luke ii. 24.
[214] Luke ii. 25.
[215] Luke ii. 26.
[216] Or, anointed.
[217] Luke ii. 27.
[218] Luke ii. 28.
[219] Luke ii. 29.
[220] For order cf. (in part) Sin. Syriac.
[221] Luke ii. 30.
[222] Luke ii. 31.
[223] Luke ii. 32.
[224] i.e., becoming manifest.
[225] Luke ii. 33.
[226] Luke ii. 34.
[227] Luke ii. 35.
[228] So also in Syriac versions and the quotation of Isho'dad from Ephraem (Harris, Fragments, p. 34), but not the Armenian version.
[229] The Arabic sides with the Peshitta and Ibn-at-Tayyib's Commentary, against the remarkable reading of Sin. supported by Isho'dad, as in last note (Syriac text), and the Armenian in Hill, p. 336. See now also The Guardian, Dec. 18, 1895.
[230] Luke ii. 36.
[231] Luke ii. 37.
[232] Luke ii. 38.
[233] Luke ii. 39.
Section III.
[1, 2] [234] And after that, [235] the Magi came from the east to Jerusalem, [236] and said, Where is the King of the Jews which was born? We have seen his star in the east, and have [3] come to worship him. [237] And Herod the king heard, and he was troubled, and all [4] Jerusalem with him. [238] And he gathered all the chief priests and the scribes of the [5] people, and asked them in what place [239] the Messiah should be born. [240] They said, In Bethlehem of Judæa: thus it is written in the prophet,
[6] [241] Thou also, Bethlehem of Judah,
Art not contemptible among the kings of Judah:
From thee shall go forth a king,
And he shall be a shepherd to my people Israel.
[7] [242] Then Herod called the Magi secretly, and inquired of them the time at which [8] the star appeared to them. [243] And he sent them to Bethlehem, and said unto them, Go and search about the child diligently; and when ye have found him, come and [9] make known to me, that I also may go and worship him. [244] And they, when they [Arabic, p. 11] heard the king, departed; and lo, the star which they had seen in the east went before them, until it came and stood above the place where the child [10, 11] was. [245] And when they beheld the star, they rejoiced with very great joy. [246] And they entered the house and beheld the child with Mary his mother, and fell down worshipping him, and opened their saddle-bags and offered to him offerings, gold and [12] myrrh and frankincense. [247] And they saw in a dream [248] that they should not return to Herod, and they travelled by another way in going to their country.
[13] [249] And when they had departed, the angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph, and said unto him, Rise, take the child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I speak to thee; for Herod is determined to seek the child [14] to slay him. [250] And Joseph arose and took the child and his mother in the night, and [15] fled into Egypt, [251] and remained in it until the time of the death of Herod: that that might be fulfilled which was said by the Lord in the prophet, which said, From [16] Egypt did I call my son. [252] And Herod then, when he saw that he was mocked of the Magi, was very angry, and sent and killed all the male children which were in Bethlehem and all its borders, from two years old and under, according to the time [17] which he had inquired from the Magi. [253] Then was fulfilled the saying in Jeremiah the prophet, which said,