[4371] Ex. xxxvii.
[4372] In Jude 5, instead of "the Lord," A. B. read Jesus, and this is accepted by many ancient, authorities. Farrar observes ("Early Days of Christianity," pop. ed., p, 128) "Jesus" is the more difficult, and therefore more probable reading of A. B. It is explained by 1 Cor. x. 4, and the identification of the Messiah with the "Angel of the Lord" (Ex. xiv. 19; xxiii. 20, &c.) and with the Pillar of Fire in Philo.
[4373] Josh. iii.
[4374] Jerome derives Gilgal from nlh to uncover: the accepted derivation is from nll to roll.
[4375] Ex. iii. 5; Jos. v. 15.
[4376] Josh. x. 3.
[4377] Josh. x. 16.
[4378] S. Luke xvi. 29.
[4379] Rom. v. 14.
[4380] Gen. xxxi. 41.
[4381] Gen. xxxvii. 28.
[4382] Gen. xxxii. 14.
[4383] Joshua died at the age of 110 years. Josh. xxiv. 29.
[4384] Timnath-Serah was the original name of Joshua's inheritance (Josh. xix. 50), but in Judges ii. 9, we find the name changed to Timnath-Heres. Timnath-Serah and the tomb of its illustrious owner were shown in the time of Jerome (Letter cviii. 13). "Paula wondered greatly that he who assigned men their possessions had chosen for himself a rough and rocky spot." Jerome is looking at the inheritance with the eyes of an ardent controversialist when he describes it as "the fairest spot in the land of Judah."
[4385] Ps. xlviii. 2. The correct rendering of the Hebrew is much disputed.
[4386] Ps. lxxiii. 2.
[4387] Josh. xxiv. 28.
[4388] Deut. xxxiv. 6.
[4389] Worshipped more especially at Lampsacus on the Hellespont. He was regarded as the promoter of fertility in vegetables and animals.
[4390] Ps. cxxviii. 3.
[4391] Gen. vi. 3. R.V. Strive or rule in.
[4392] Gen. xlix. 17. Samson was of the tribe of Dan.
[4393] Judg. xi. 30, 31.
[4394] 1 Tim. iii. 2.
[4395] Ps. xcix. 6.
[4396] See 1 Chron. vi. 34-38.
[4397] Heb. vii. 3. The Greek word in the text ("without genealogy") is unknown to secular writers, and occurs here only in the New Test. It cannot mean without descent (see verse 6). Unmarried appears to be a false inference from this supposed meaning. Ignatius also (Ep. ad. Philad.) reckoned Melchizedek among celibates. Rev. Version translates, "without genealogy," i.e., his ancestry was unrecorded. See Farrar's "Early Days of Christianity," pop. ed., p. 221.
[4398] 1 Sam. ii. 22.
[4399] See, however, 1 Chron. xxii. 8.
[4400] S. Matt. xviii. 6.
[4401] S. Matt. v. 22.
[4402] S. Matt. v. 27.
[4403] Cant. vi. 8.
[4404] 1 Kings xi. 3.
[4405] 1 Cor. vii. 29.
[4406] Is. xxxviii. 19.
[4407] 2 Kings xxii. 14.
[4408] 2 Kings xx. 18.
[4409] Dan. i. 3, 4.
[4410] Ezek. xiv. 14, 20.
[4411] Ezek. xviii. 4.
[4412] Ezek. viii. 1.
[4413] Ezek. xiv. 14.
[4414] Apocryphal additions to Daniel.
[4415] Matt. xix. 27.
[4416] Luke xviii. 29, 30.
[4417] 1 Cor. ix. 5. The text has been much tampered with by the advocates or opponents of celibacy. The reading first quoted by Jerome is that of F, a manuscript of the eighth or ninth century, and is found in Tertullian; the other chief readings introduce the Greek equivalent for sister, either in the sing. or plural. The Rev. Version renders, "have we no right to lead about a wife that is a believer" (or sister). Augustine, Tertullian, Theodoret, &c., together with Cornelius-a-Lapide and Estius among the moderns, agree with Jerome in referring the passage to holy women who ministered to the Apostles as they did to the Lord Himself. The third canon of Nicæa is supposed to be directed against the practice encouraged by this interpretation of the Apostle's words.
[4418] Attributed to Clement by Jerome.
[4419] Isa. i. 9.
[4420] S. John xiii. 25.
[4421] S. John xx. 4.
[4422] S. John xxi. 7 sq.
[4423] S. Matt. xvi. 18.
[4424] S. Matt. xviii. 18: S. John xx. 22, 23.
[4425] S. John xiv. 27.
[4426] S. Matt. xx. 27: S. Luke xxii. 26.
[4427] See this book in Vol. III. of this series.
[4428] Is. xl. 3.
[4429] S. John i. 1.
[4430] S. John xix. 26, 27.
[4431] 1 Tim. ii. 13, 15.
[4432] 1 Tim. ii. 8 sqq.
[4433] Apparently, Eve's transgression imputed to her descendants.
[4434] The original admits of the rendering "by means of her child-bearing." But Ellicott and others interpret of the Incarnation.
[4435] Rev. Version, "sobriety." Sobermindedness or discretion are given by Ellicott (Notes on translation) as alternative renderings. The word cannot mean chastity, but rather "the well-balanced state of mind resulting from habitual self-restraint" in general.
[4436] Prov. vi. 26?
[4437] Prov. vii. 27; ix. 18.
[4438] Prov. xxi. 19.
[4439] Often mentioned by Seneca. A saying is reported of him: "Ho, traveller, stop. There is a miracle here: a man and his wife not at strife."
[4440] Prov. xxi. 9; xxv. 24.
[4441] Prov. xxvii. 15.
[4442] Supereffluas. Prov. iii. 21 Sept., Heb. ii. 1. The Greek word signifies to fall away like flowing water. See Schleusner on pararruomai . In Heb. ii. 1, Rev. V. translates "We drift away:" Vaughan, "We be found to have leaked, or ebbed away."
[4443] Prov. xxx. 15, 16.
[4444] Eccles. iii. 1, 2, sqq.
[4445] Eccles. vii. 10.
[4446] R.V. "Good as an inheritance."
[4447] Eccles. vii. 28, 29.
[4448] Eccles. ix. 8.
[4449] Cant. i. 10, 11. "Plaits of gold with studs of silver." R.V.
[4450] Cant. ii. 1, 10-12.
[4451] 1 Cor. vii. 29.
[4452] Cant. ii. 12.
[4453] Verse 13.
[4454] 2 Cor. ii. 15.
[4455] Cant. ii. 13, 14.
[4456] Ex. xxxiv. 33, 35; 2 Cor. iii. 7 sq.
[4457] Is. i. 15.
[4458] Cant. ii. 16.
[4459] Cant. iii. 7, 8.
[4460] Cant. iv. 6.
[4461] Eph. v. 27.
[4462] Cant. iv. 8.
[4463] Sept. R.V. "Look from the top of Amana."
[4464] Cant. viii. 5.
[4465] Ps. cxix. 105.
[4466] Cant. iv. 9.
[4467] Cant. iv. 9, 10.
[4468] Cant. v. 1.
[4469] S. Matt. ix. 17.
[4470] Rom. vii. 6.
[4471] Zech. viii. 5; ix. 17, R.V. "How great is his goodness, and how great is his beauty! Corn shall make the young men flourish, and new wine the maids."
[4472] Ps. xlv. 16, 17.
[4473] Cant. iv. 12, 13.
[4474] Cant. v. 10.
[4475] Cant. v. 16.
[4476] Cant. vii. 1.
[4477] R.V. "O Prince's daughter!" Sept., also "daughter of Nadab."
[4478] Is. vii. 14.
[4479] Delitzsch remarks, "The assertion of Jerome is untenable." See Cheyne, critical note on Is. vii. 14. The word probably denotes a female, married or unmarried, just attaining maturity. But in every other passage, the context shows that the word is used of an unmarried woman.
[4480] Gen. xxiv. 42 sq.
[4481] Is. xxxvii. 22.
[4482] Is. liv. 1.
[4483] Jerem. ii. 32.
[4484] Jer. xxxi. 22.
[4485] Jer. i. 5.
[4486] Jer. xxxix. 11; xl. i.
[4487] Ezek. i. 4.
[4488] Ezek. xxiv. 18.
[4489] 1 Cor. vii. 25.
[4490] Acts xv. 28, 29.
[4491] S. Matt. x. 10: S. Luke x. 5.
[4492] S. Matt. xix. 21.
[4493] 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4; Tit. i. 6.
[4494] Sacerdotes: that is, bishops.
[4495] 1 Cor. vii. 7.
[4496] 1 Tim. iii. 1.
[4497] V. supra, c. 27. R.V. "temperate." Ellicott observes, "under any circumstances the derivative translation Vigilant, Auth., though possibly defensible in the verb, is a needless and doubtful extension of the primary meaning."
[4498] R.V. "orderly." V. above, c. 27.
[4499] kosmion. R.V. "orderly."
[4500] Non vinolentum. R.V. "no brawler," i.e., as the Margin explains, "not quarrelsome over wine." The original is not thus a mere synonym for nephalios in v. 2.
[4501] So Chrysostom and Theodoret. The simple meaning appears to suit the context better.
[4502] 1 Sam. ii. and iv.
[4503] 1 Tim. iii. 11.
[4504] The Code of Constantine, following the Mosaic law, imposed the penalty of death for adultery. See Gibbon, ch. xliv.
[4505] S. Matt. xix. 12.
[4506] 1 Cor. vii. 25.
[4507] Two rocky islands in the Euxine, that, according to the fable, floated about, dashing against and rebounding from each other, until at length they became fixed on the passage of the Argo between them."
[4508] Andabatæ.
[4509] Matt. xix. 12.
[4510] 1 Cor. vii. 7.
[4511] Phil. ii. 6-8.
[4512] S. John xx. 20.
[4513] S. John xx. 19.
[4514] S. Matt. xiv. 28.
[4515] S. Matt. xxii. 30.
[4516] 2 Cor. v. 17.
[4517] Rom. vi. 21, 22.
[4518] Rom. vii. 4 sq.
[4519] Rom. vii. 14, 24, 25.
[4520] Rom. viii. 1, 2.
[4521] Rom. viii. 5 sq.
[4522] Rom. viii. 11, 14.
[4523] R.V. "mind."
[4524] Rom. xii. 1-3.
[4525] See ch. 27.
[4526] Rom. xiii. 11, 12, 14.
[4527] 1 Cor. iii. 1, 2, 3.
[4528] That is, under the dominion of the psyche, or principle of life common to man and the beasts, hence, natural. Opposed to the psyche is the pneuma, capable of being influenced by the Spirit of God. A man thus influenced is pneumatikos or spiritual. See also 1 Cor. xv. 44.
[4529] 1 Cor. xv. 47 sq.
[4530] 2 Cor. v. 1 sq.
[4531] 2 Cor. xi. 2.
[4532] Gal. ii. 16.
[4533] Gal. iii. 3, 4.
[4534] Gal. v. 16, 17.
[4535] Properly, self-control in the wide sense.
[4536] Gal. v. 24, 25.
[4537] Gal. vi. 7, 8.
[4538] Eph. ii. 3, 4.
[4539] Eph. iv. 22.
[4540] Eph. vi. 24.
[4541] Phil. iii. 20, 21.
[4542] Phil. iv. 8.
[4543] Coloss. ii. 11; iii. 1 sq.
[4544] 2 Tim. ii. 4.
[4545] Titus ii. 11, 12.
[4546] S. John xvi. 12, 13.
[4547] xxi. 9.
[4548] Matt. xi. 13.
[4549] The passage is not found in existing copies of Josephus.
[4550] S. James i. 16-18.
[4551] R.V. "can be no variation." The word "difference," as used by Jerome, is explained by the context.
[4552] Rev. i. 5.
[4553] 1 Pet. i. 3-5.
[4554] 1 Pet. i. 13-16.
[4555] 1 Pet. i. 18, 19.
[4556] 1 Pet. i. 22, 23.
[4557] In Jerome's rendering living and abiding,' are attributes of God. But in the original the participles may be taken as predicates of either word or God. The R.V. refers them to the former.
[4558] 1 Pet. ii. 9.
[4559] 1 Pet. iv. 1 sq.
[4560] 2 Pet. i. 4.
[4561] 2 Pet. ii. 9 sq.
[4562] 2 Pet. iii. 3.
[4563] The notorious epicure of the time of Augustus and Tiberius.
[4564] Paxamus wrote a treatise on cooking, which, Suidas states, was arranged in alphabetical order.
[4565] 1 John ii. 15 sq.
[4566] 1 John iii. 2, 3.
[4567] 1 John iv. 7. R.V. "that we may have."
[4568] Jude 23.
[4569] xiv. 1 sq.
[4570] Rev. vii. 5 sq.
[4571] Apoc. xiv. 3, 4.
[4572] or they may say.
[4573] 2 Tim. ii. 20, 21.
[4574] Virg. Æn i. 317.
[4575] Virg. Æn. vii. 803: id. xi. 535.
[4576] Leos was the hero from whom the tribe Leontis derived its name. Once when Athens was suffering from famine or plague, the oracle at Delphi demanded that his daughters should be sacrificed. The father complied. The shrine called Leocorium was erected by the Athenians to their honour.
[4577] Jerome's memory appears to be at fault. When the Greek fleet was on its way to Troy, it was detained by a calm at Aulis. The seer Calchas advised that Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon should be sacrificed. See Dict. of Ant.
[4578] According to the law of Numa, the punishment of a Vestal Virgin for violating the vow of chastity was stoning to death. Tarquinius Priscus first enacted that the offender should be buried alive, after being stripped of her badges of office, scourged and attired like a corpse. "From the time of the triumvirs each [Vestal] was preceded by a lictor when she went abroad; consuls and prætors made way for them, and lowered their fasces; even the tribunes of the plebs respected their holy character, and if any one passed under their litter, he was put to death."
[4579] It is said, however, that Claudia (Quinta) was a Roman matron, not a Vestal Virgin. The soothsayers announced that only a chaste woman could move the vessel referred to. Claudia, who had been accused of incontinency, took hold of the rope, and the vessel forthwith followed her. b.c. 204.
[4580] Seneca.
[4581] In the year after the death of Alexander (b.c. 323), Leosthenes defeated Alexander's general Antipater, near Thermopylæ. Antipater then threw himself into the town of Lamia (in Phthiotis in Thessaly) which thus gave its name to the war. Leosthenes pressed the siege with great vigour, but was killed by a blow from a stone.
[4582] Another name for Messana (or Messene), derived from the Mamertini, a people of Campania, some of whom were mercenaries in the army of the tyrant Agathocles, and were quartered in the town. At his death (b.c. 282) they rose and gained possession of it.
[4583] The semi-legendary hero of the second war between Sparta and Messene. He lived about b.c. 270.
[4584] The spring festival held in honour of Hyacinthus, the beautiful youth accidentally slain by Apollo, and from whose blood was said to have sprung the flower of the same name.