[2551] Eph. iv. 11.
[2552] 1 Cor. xii. 20; Eph. iv. 15.
[2553] Eph. iv. 15.
[2554] Anarchy, &c. Comp. Plato Legg. XII. 2.
[2555] A great thing. The Ben. editors note the obscurity of the original here.
[2556] Accept, dechesthai. Many mss have harchesthai, preserving the play upon the word archein. The latter reading, the Ben. editors suggest, may have an active sense, as Hom. Il. II. 345.
[2557] Eph. i. 23.
[2558] Hos. iii. 4.
[2559] Philosophy. philosophia is used by S. Greg. and other Fathers in various senses, not always clearly distinguishable. Sometimes it refers to the ancient philosophical teachers and schools: sometimes to the Christian philosophy, which inculcates Divine truth, and teaches the principles of a good and holy life: sometimes to the practice of these principles, either in regard to some special virtue, e.g. patience, or, in general, in the lives of individual Christians, and further, as involving the most careful and extensive reduction of these principles to practice--the discipline of the monastic life. Cf. Suicer, in verb.
[2560] Eager longing. Nearly all mss. read "pity"--which would have to be understood in the sense of "regretful affection."
[2561] 1 Cor. xiv. 28.
[2562] S. Mark vii. 5.
[2563] The sanctuary. i.e. That which gave the right to a place in the sanctuary,--the priesthood. Billius wrongly takes it of the episcopate.
[2564] Piety--for it is a mere external pretence, deceiving themselves as well as others. eisebaia here has the double sense of piety and orthodoxy--the former being the more prominent.
[2565] Is. liv. 13; S. John vi. 45.
[2566] Numb. xi. 29; 1 Cor. xiv. 24.
[2567] 1 Sam. x. 11; xix. 24.
[2568] The finale of the question, or "the main conclusion of my subject," lit. "the colophon of my reason." logos cannot here mean "of my speech," for it has only just begun.
[2569] Cf. 1 Cor. iii. 12.
[2570] Hagg. ii. 12 et seq.
[2571] Job xxi. 18; Ps. lxxxiii. 13; Isai. v. 24; Joel ii. 5.
[2572] Painters, i.e. in our discourses; models by our lives and examples.
[2573] S. Luke iv. 23.
[2574] Ps. xxxvii. 27.
[2575] Rom. xi. 35.
[2576] A plant. Cf. Orat. vi. 8, xxiii. 1. A favourite figure of S. Gregory.
[2577] 1 Pet. v. 2.
[2578] The art of arts. This is the original of the frequently quoted commonplace, which in S. Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, i. 1, takes the form "ars artium est regimen animarum."
[2579] Gen. iii. 19.
[2580] Eph. vi. 12.
[2581] 1 Pet. i. 7.
[2582] Our will. Clémencet compares S. Bernard, de Gratia et Libero Arbitrio, xiv. 47 (tom. i. 1397, Gaume). Petavius, de Incarn., tom. v., p. 416, lib. IX., iii., 11, comments on this passage in treating of free will.
[2583] Its subject matter, i.e. the affection of the sick body, which it is the object of medicine to change to its opposite. So Combefis.
[2584] This treatment: the treatment of the spiritual physician.
[2585] Ps. cxli. 4 (LXX.).
[2586] Ps. lviii. 5, 6 (LXX.).
[2587] Amos v. 10.
[2588] 1 Pet. iii. 4.
[2589] Gen. i. 26.
[2590] Eph. iii. 17.
[2591] Gal. iii. 24.
[2592] Heb. xii. 2.
[2593] Phil. ii. 7.
[2594] Heb. ii. 14.
[2595] One consisting, &c. "These words," says Gabriel, "are indeed a two-edged sword against the heretics, for one clause mortally wounds Nestorius who separates the Divine from the Human Nature--the other Eutyches, who empties the human into the Divine."
[2596] Was united, anekrathe, lit., "was blended"--cf. Orat. xxxviii. 13. This and similar terms used by Gregory and his contemporaries in an orthodox sense were laid aside by later Fathers, in consequence of their having been perverted in favor of the Eutychian heresy.
[2597] By means of the soul, Cf. Orat. xxix. 19; xxxviii. 13; Epist. 101 (tom. 2, p. 90 A.): Poem. Dogmat., x., 55-61 (tom. 2, p. 256); Petavius de Incarn. IV. xiii. 2.
[2598] Heb. viii. 8-13.
[2599] Lit. "of the formation"--the substantive here corresponds to the verb in Gen. ii. 7 (LXX.).
[2600] Gen. ii. 7.
[2601] S. Luke ii. 7.
[2602] S. Luke ii. 14.
[2603] 1 Cor. xv. 49.
[2604] S. Matt. ii. 9, 11.
[2605] S. Matt. iii. 13, 17.
[2606] S. Matt. iv. 2.
[2607] S. Matt. x. 7, 8.
[2608] Ps. ii. 1.
[2609] Gen. iii. 3. Why tree, &c. A striking contrast of the means of Redemption by the Cross of Christ with the circumstances of the Fall.
[2610] S. John xix. 17.
[2611] Gen. iii. 6-23.
[2612] S. Matt. xxvii. 35.
[2613] For the sake of resurrection. One translator carries on the contrast, and renders "to atone for the insurrection," sc. of Adam. The preposition huper seems decisive against this.
[2614] Rev. ii. 7; xxii. 14.
[2615] 1 Cor. iii. 9; iv. 1; 2 Cor. vi. 1.
[2616] One of their wise men, the author of the treatise peri phuson, ascribed to Hippocrates.
[2617] Those who, &c. migadas, cf. xxi., 10, where monadikoi and hoi tes ereuias are distinguished from migades and hoi tes epimixias. Clémencet here holds that hoi tes eremias are hermits as distinguished from coenobites, but does not hint at any further subdivision between the koinonikoi and the migades. Cf. also xliii. 62; xxi. 19. Montaut, "Revue Critique, &c." (pp. 48-52) attempts to distinguish between the migades and the koinonikoi. But although he confirms the overthrow by Clémencet of the views of previous translators, he leaves Clémencet's own position really unweakened. S. Gregory uses the two terms as practically convertible. In xxi., § 19, (which Montaut misinterprets) he explains that the life of the coenobite is a hermit-life in its relation to the world which he has forsaken, while it has opportunities in community-life for the growth of those virtues which are required by the relation of man to man. Cf. Bened. edition (Clémencet), Præf. Gener., Pars. II., § iii. sub finem.
[2618] The source of persuasiveness, lit., "the medicine of persuasion."
[2619] condescension, lit., equity,' dealing gently with their weakness, not exacting the literal fulfilment of the law.
[2620] Are requisite to form, lit., by actual...they become clear to.'
[2621] Numb. xx. 17.
[2622] Prov. iv. 27.
[2623] S. Luke xii. 42.
[2624] Worlds, i.e. the invisible and visible, of which S. Greg. held that the former was created before the latter. cf. Orat. xviii. 3; xxvii. 10; xxviii. 31; xxxviii. 10; xl. 45.
[2625] Dissolution; some translate return'--i.e. of the Ascension; referring the resurrection, &c.' to mankind in general.
[2626] Original. Perhaps better supreme.'
[2627] Illumination. Some apply this to Holy Baptism, with its preliminary instruction.
[2628] Contracting, i.e. by the Sabellian heresy. A parallel passage in almost identical terms is Orat. xx. 6.
[2629] Atheism. This term is used of Sabellianism xviii. 16. xx. 6. xxi. 13. xliii. 30, in the sense in which it is here explained. Cf. Petav. de Trin. I. vi. 3, sqq.
[2630] Madness of Arianism, xxi. 13. xxxiv. 8. xliii. 30. This term is applied in a letter of Constantine after the Council of Nicæa. It is called Judaism also Orat. xx. 6 as frequently by S. Athanasius. Cf. Petav. de Trin. I. ix. 8.
[2631] Piety, eulabeia. i.e. The pious readily and attentively receive instruction in morality or generally received truth, but are more suspicious and intolerant than ordinary people, if, at a time when any theological question is hotly debated, a preacher touches upon any point connected with it, and so stirs party feeling or personal prejudice.
[2632] The primary hope. This term is used of the full knowledge and confession of the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, Orat. xxxii. 23; where its necessary connection with Christianity and the life of the soul is insisted on. For its vital importance cf. Liddon, Bamp. Lect. pp. 435, 6, and its bearing on the Mediatorial Work of Christ, and so on our salvation. Ibid. Lect. VIII. esp. pp. 472-9 (5th ed.). S. Cyr. Hier. Catech. 13. 2. S. Cyr. Alex. de S. Trin. dial. 4. tom v. pp. 508, 509. S. Proclus Hom. in Incarn. 5. 6. 9. Bright. Hist. of the Church. p. 149.
[2633] Rom. x. 2.
[2634] Luke xii. 47.
[2635] Ps. lxxiii. 8. (LXX.).
[2636] 2 Tim. iii. 8.
[2637] S. Matt. vii. 6; viii. 32.
[2638] Eph. iv. 14.
[2639] Doctrines and dogmas. Elias takes the former to refer to morality and the latter to belief.
[2640] 1 Cor. iii. 1, 2; Heb. v. 12-14.
[2641] Our material bodies, lit., "matter." This, together with "dust," "mire" or "clay" and other similar terms, is often used by S. Gregory as a synonym of "the body."
[2642] 1 Cor. ii. 6.
[2643] Heb. v. 14.
[2644] Rom. xiv. 2.
[2645] Col. i. 11, 16, 17.
[2646] Eph. iv. 13.
[2647] 2 Cor. ii. 16, 17.
[2648] Isai. i. 22.
[2649] Ps. civ. 15.
[2650] Ventriloquists. Isai. viii. 19, "Wizards."
[2651] Ezek. iii. 20; xxxiii. 8.
[2652] I.e., venerable for wisdom due to experience.
[2653] Law. Not definitely enacted, but a custom constantly observed. It applied to the earlier and later chapters of Ezekiel and the Song of Solomon.
[2654] Exterior, Origen, Hom. 5, in Levit., speaks of the body, soul, and spirit of Scripture.'
[2655] Alone. If, as many mss. we read molis, "with difficulty." This is preferred by the Bened. note.
[2656] Degrees, etc. Heb. v. 14 V. "use" (in the singular), the sense is "any rule for confining the use of difficult passages of Holy Scripture to those whose experience is a guarantee against their abuse."
[2657] 1 Sam. ii. 11.
[2658] S. Matt. xxiii. 7.
[2659] "More spiritual and noble."--This is ironical.
[2660] S. Luke viii. 6.
[2661] Ecclus. xxv. 9.
[2662] Eccles. x. 5.
[2663] Prov. xxvi. 12.
[2664] Their grace, to charisma. Elias takes this of the power to heal diseases. Tillemont of miracles in general. Perhaps better of the special position as Apostles to the Jews and to the Gentiles (Gal. ii. 8, 9) where the term is charis.
[2665] 1 Cor. ix. 22.
[2666] 2 Cor. xi. 23 et seq.
[2667] 1 Cor. iv. 12; ix. 18.
[2668] Ib. iv. 9.
[2669] His cause reading tou: v. 1. ton.
[2670] Tit. ii. 14.
[2671] 2 Cor. xi. 28, 29.
[2672] Pressure epistasian, 2 Cor. xi. 28, epistasin.
[2673] Eph. vi. 5, 9.
[2674] Rom. xiii. 1-3.
[2675] Eph. v. 25, 22.
[2676] Eph. vi. 1-4.
[2677] 1 Cor. vii. 3, 8, 25, 31.
[2678] Rom. xiv. 3, 6.
[2679] 1 Cor. i. 27; iii. 18.
[2680] Rom. ii. 25, 29.
[2681] Gal. v. 16.
[2682] Phil. iv. 1.
[2683] Gal. iii. 1.
[2684] 1 Cor. v. 5.
[2685] 2 Cor. ii. 8.
[2686] 1 Cor. ii. 7; iii. 2.
[2687] Ib. iv. 21.
[2688] Ib. xv. 9.
[2689] 2 Cor. xiii. 3.
[2690] Phil. i. 23; ii. 17.
[2691] 1 Cor. x. 33.
[2692] Ib. iv. 15.
[2693] 2 Cor. iv. 10; xii. 9, 10.
[2694] Rom. v. 3; Phil. iii. 4.
[2695] 2 Cor. xi. 6.
[2696] 1 Cor. xiii. 12.
[2697] Ib. ix. 27.
[2698] 2 Tim. i. 11.
[2699] Rom. ix. 3.
[2700] Gal. iii. 13.
[2701] S. Matt. viii. 17.
[2702] Gal. vi. 14.
[2703] Phil. iii. 8.
[2704] Rom. xv. 19.
[2705] 2 Cor. xii. 2, 4.
[2706] Isa. xix. 11.
[2707] Ib. ix. 16.
[2708] Ib. iii. 12.
[2709] Ib. iii. 4.
[2710] Ib. iii. 7.
[2711] Ib. ix. 15.
[2712] Ib. i. 23.
[2713] Ib. viii. 21.
[2714] Ib. xl. 2.
[2715] Ib. vi. 6, 7.
[2716] Prov. xiv. 30.
[2717] Hos. v. 1, 2.
[2718] Ib. vi. 5.
[2719] Ib. vii. 7.
[2720] Ib. viii. 4.
[2721] Mic. iii. 10-12.
[2722] Ib. vii. 1-4.
[2723] Ps. xii. 1.
[2724] Joel i. 13, seq.
[2725] Isa. lviii. 5.
[2726] Hab. i. 2 et seq.
[2727] Ib. ii. 15.
[2728] Mal. i. 6.
[2729] Ib. i. 13.
[2730] Ib. ii. 5-7.
[2731] Strongly worded, blasphemon, perh. "ill omened."
[2732] Ib. ii. 13.
[2733] Zech. v. 1 (LXX.).
[2734] Ib. iii. 1 et seq.
[2735] A greater, &c. i.e. they refer to the Person of Jesus Christ Himself.
[2736] Heb. vii. 23.
[2737] Zech. xi. 3.
[2738] Zech. xi. 5, 6.
[2739] Ib. xiii. 7.
[2740] Ib. x. 3.
[2741] Hist. Susann., 5.
[2742] Ezek. xxxiii. 2.
[2743] Ib. vii. 26.
[2744] Ib. xxii. 24 seq.
[2745] Ib. xxii. 26.
[2746] Ib. xiii. 14.
[2747] Ezek. xiv. 5.
[2748] Ib. xxxiv. 2 et seq.
[2749] Ib. xxxix. 17.
[2750] Ib. xxxiv. 8.
[2751] Jer. i. 5.
[2752] Ib. ix. 1.
[2753] Ib. ii. 8.
[2754] Ib. x. 21.
[2755] Ib. xii. 10.
[2756] Ib. xxiii. 1, 2.
[2757] Ib. xxv. 34.
[2758] 1 Tim. iii. 2. 3; Tit. i. 7.
[2759] S. Matt. x. 9; S. Luke ix. 3.
[2760] S. Matt. xxiii. 13 et seq.
[2761] Ib. v. 15.
[2762] Ib. xxv. 15.
[2763] "The grace" i.e. the grace of the priesthood.
[2764] S. Luke viii. 6.
[2765] S. Matt. xiii. 5.
[2766] Ib. vii. 26.
[2767] Eccles. x. 16.
[2768] Prov. xxix. 20.
[2769] Ib. xxv. 3.
[2770] Ps. xxiv. 3.
[2771] Isai. xl. 12.
[2772] Ib. lxvi. 1.
[2773] Ib. xl. 18, 25.