§ 129. THE NICENE AND CONST ANTINOPOLIT AN CKEED. 669
Son of God, begotten of the Father [the only-begotten, i. e., of the essence of the Father, God of God, and] Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father ; by whom all things were made [in heaven and on earth] ; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down and was incarnate and was made man ; he suffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven ; from thence he Cometh to judge the quick and the dead.
"And in the Holy Ghost.
L** And those who say : there was a time when he was not ; and : he was not before he was made ; and : he was made out of nothing, or out of another substance or thing, or the Son of God is created, or changeable, or alterable ; — they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic church."]
only-beffotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds [ceons),^ Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; by whom all things were made ; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down yVom heaven^ and wai incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man ; he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried, and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father; from thence he cometh again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead ; whose kingdom shall have no end?
" And in the Holy Ghost, who is Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from tJic Father, who with the Father and th« Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. — In one holy catholic and apostolic church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins ; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen,''^ *
* This addition appears as early as the creeds of the council of Antioch in 341.
- This addition likewise is foimd substantially in the Antioehian creeds of 341, and is directed against Marcellus of Ancyra, Sabellius, and Paul of Samosata, whc taught that the union of the power of God (eVf'p-yeia SpaariKv) with the man Jesua will cease at the end of the world, so that the Son and His kingdom are not eternal Corap. Hefele, i. 438 and 50'7 sq.
* Similar additions concerning the Holy Ghost, the catholic church, baptism and life everlasting are found in the older symbols of Cyril of Jerusalem, Basil, and the two Creeds of Epiphanius. See § 128 above, and Appendix to Pearson ou th« Creed, p. 594 ff.
670 THIRD PERIOD. A.D. 311-590.
A carefnl comparison shows that the Constaiitinopolitan Creed is a considerable improvement on the Nicene, both in its omission of the anathema at the close, and In its addition ol the articles concerning the Holy Ghost and concerning the church find the way of salv^ation. The addition: according to the ScrijptuTes^ is also important, as an acknowledgment oi this divine and infallible guide to the truth. The whole is more complete and symmetrical than the Nicsenum, and in this respect is more like the Apostles' Creed, which, in like manner, begins with the creation and ends with the resurrection and the liic everlasting, and is disturbed by no polemical dissonance ; but the Apostles' Creed is much more simple in Btmcture, and thus better adapted to the use of a congregation and of youth, than either of the others.
The Constantinopolitan Creed maintained itself for a time by the side of the Nicene, and after the council of Chalcedon in 451, where it was for the first time formally adopted, it gradually displaced the other. Since that time it has itself commonly borne the name of the Nicene Creed. Yet the original Nicene confession is still in use in some schismatic sects of the Eastern church.
The Latin church adopted the improved !N^icene symbol from the Greek, but admitted, in the article on the Holy Ghost, the further addition of the well-knowii filioque^ which was first inserted at a council of Toledo in 589, and subsequently gave rise to bitter disputes between the two churches.