WOKKS ON THE PELAGIAN CONTROVERSY IN GENERAL. ThH
church, although retaiuing the communion under both khids, their Syriac missal, the marriage of priests, and theu" traditional fast-days, with some saints of their own, especially St. Maron.
From these came, in the eighteenth century, the three celebrated Oriental scholars, the Assemani, Joseph Simon (f 1768), his brother J oseph Aloysiiis, and their cousin Stephen Evodius. These were born on Mt. Lebanon, and educated at the Maronite college at Rome,
There are also Maronites in Syria, who abhor the Roman church.*
IV. The Anthropological Controversies.
WORKS ON THE PELAGIAN CONTROVERSY IN GENERAL.
SOURCES :
L Pelagitjs: Expositiones in epistolas Paulinas (composed before 410); Epistola ad Demetriadcm, in 30 chapters (written a. d. 413); Libellns fidei ad Innoccntium I. (417, also falsely called Explanatio Symboli ad Damasum). These three works have been preserved complete, as supposed works of Jerome, and hare been incorporated in the Opera of this father (torn. xi. ed. of Vallarsius). Of the other writings of Pelagius (De natura ; De libero arbitrlo ; Capitula ; Epist. ad Innocent. I., which accompanied the Libellus fidei), we have only fragments in the works of his opponents, especially Augustine. In like manner we have only fragments of the writings of CtELESTius: Definitiones; Symbolum ad Zosimurn ; and of Julianus of Eclaxum : Libri iv. ad Turbantium episcopnm contra Augustini primum de nuptiis; Libri viii. ad Florum contra Augustini secundum de nuptiis. Large and literal extracts in the extended replies of Augustine to Julian.
n. AuGrsTiNus : De peccatorum meritis et reraissione f412) ; De spiritu et, litera(413); De natura et gratia (415); De gestis PeLigii (417) ; De gratia Christi etde peccato original! (418) ; De nuptiis et concupiscentia (419); Contra duas Epistolas Pelagianorum (420) ; Contra Julianum, libri vi. (421); Opus imperfectum contra Julianum (429); De
* Respecting the present condition of the Maronites, comp. also Robiuson's Palestine, Ritter's Erdkunde, Bd. xvii. Abtheil. 1, and Rodiger's article in Herzog's Encycl. Bd. x. p. 176 £f. A few years ago (1860), the Maronites drew upon them- Belves the sympathies of Christendom by the cruelties whicli their old heroditarj enemies, the Druses, perpetrated upon them.
784 THIRD PERIOD. A.D. 311-590.
gratia et libero arbitrio (420 or 427) ; De correptione et gratia (427) De prffidestiiiiitione sanctorum (428 or 429) ; De dono perse- crantisB (429) ; and other anti-Pelagian writings, which are collected in the 10th volume of his Opera, in two divisions, ed. Bened. Tar. 10'jO, and again Venet. 1733. (It is the Venice Bened. edition from which I have quoted throughout in this section. In Migne's edition of Aug., Par. 1841, the anti-Pelagian writings form likewise the tenth tomus of 1912 pages.) Hieroxtmus : Ep. 133 (in Vallarsi's, and in Migne's ed. ; or, Ep. 43 in the Bened. ed.) ad Ctesiphontem (315) ; Dialog! contra Pelagianos, libri iii. (Opera, ed. Vallars. vol. ii. f. 693-806, and ed. Migne, ii. 495-590). P. Oeosius : Apologeticus c. Pelag. libri iii. (Opera, ed. Haverkamp). MAEirs Meroator, a learned Latin monk in Constantinople (428-451): Commonitoria, 429, 431 (ed. Baluz. Paris, 1684, and Migne, Par. 1846). Collection of the Acta in Mansi, torn. iv.
LITERATURE :
Ge3H. Jon, Vossiixs : Hist, de controversiis, quas Pelagius ejusque reliquia moverunt, libri vii. Lugd. Batav. 1618 (auct. ed. Amstel. 1655). Cardinal IIenr. Norisius : Historia Pelagiana et dissert, de Synodo Quinta CEcumen. Batavii, 1673, fol. (and in Opera, Veron. 1729, i.). Gaenier (.Jesuit) : Dissert, vii. quibus Integra continentur Pelagianorum hist, (in his ed. of the Opera of Marins MercatiT, i. 118). The Prcefatio to the 10th vol. of the Benedictine edition of Augustine's Opera. Corn. Jansenius (t 1038) : Augustinus, sive doctrina S. Augustini de huraanse naturfe sanitate, segritudine, metlicina, adv. Pelagianos et Massilienses. Lovan. 1640, fol. (lie read Augustine twenty times, and revived his system in the Catholic church.) Tili.e- MONT : Meranires, etc. Tom. xiii. pp. 1-1075, which is entirely devoted to the life of Augustine. Cn. Wim. Fk. Walch: Kctzerhistorie. Leipz. 1770. Bd. iv. and v. ScnROCKH: Kirchengeschichte. Parts siv. and xv. (1790). G. F. Wiggehs (sen.) : Vtrsuch eincr pragmatischen Darstellung des Augustinismus und Pelagianismus, in zwei Theilen. Hamburg. 1833. (The first part appeared 1821in Berlin ; the second, whicli treats of Seini-Pelagianism, in 1833 at Hamburg. The common title-page bears date 1833. The first i)art has also been translated into English by Prof. Emei'.son, Andover. 1810). J. L. Jaoobi: Die Lehre des Polagins. Leipzig, 1842. F. Buiihixger: Die Kirche Christi in Biographicn. Bd. i. Th. 3, pp. 444-620, Ziirich, 1845. Gieseler: Kirchengeschichte. Bd. i. Abth. 2 pp. 106-131 (4th ed. 1845, entirely favorable to Pelagiaiiism). Neander: Kirchengeschichte. Bd. iv. (2d ed. 1847, more Augustinian). Soiiaff: The Pelagian Controversy, in the Bibliotheca Sacra, Andover, May, 1848 (No. xviii.). Theod. Gaxqauf: Metaphysische Psychologie des heiligen Augustinus. Augsb. 1852. Thorough, but not completed. H. Habi