§ 165. GKEG0K7 OF NTSSA. 907
have only towards the devil, towards siu, and tc wards the avowed enemies of the Saviour."
Of his later life we know very little. He was in Cor stantinople thrice afterwards, in 383, 385, and 394, and he died about the year 395.
The wealth of his intellectual life he deposited in his numerous writings, above all in his controversial doctrinal works : Against Eunomius ; Against Apollinaris ; On the Deity of the Son and the Holyjjhost ; On the difference between ousia and hypostasis in God ; and in his catechetical compeud of the Christian faith.' The beautiful dialogue with his sister Macrina on the soui and tlie resurrection has been already mentioned. Besides these he wrote many Homilies, especially on the creation of the world, and of man,' on the life of Moses, on the Psalms, on Ecclesiastes, on the Song of Solomon, on the Lord's Prayer, on the Beatitudes ; Eulogies on eminent martyrs and saints (St. Stephen, the Forty Martyrs, Gregory Thaumaturgus, Ephrem, Meletius, his brother Basil) ; various valuable ascetic tracts ; and a biography of his sister Macrina, addressed to the monk Olympios.
Gregory was more a man of thought than of action. He had a fine metaphysical head, and did lasting service in the vindication of the mystery of the Trinity and the incarnation, and in the accurate distinction between essence and hypostasis. Of all the church teachers of the Kiceue age he is the nearest to Origen. He not only follows his sometimes utterly extravagant allegorical method of interpretation, but even to a great extent falls in with his dogmatic views." With him, as with Origen, human freedom plays a great part. Both are idealis-
' The h6yos KUTrixv^tKhi 6 /j.(yas Stands worthily by the side of the similar work of Origen, De principiis- Separate edition, Gr. and Lat. with notes, by J. G. Krabinger, Munich, 1838.
^ The Hexaemeron of Gregory is a supplement to his brother Basil's Hexaem©. rou, and discusses the more obscure metaphysical questions connected with this subject. His book on the Workmanship of Man, though written first, may be regarded as a continuation of the Hexaemeron, and beautifully sets forth the spirhual and royal dignity and destination of man, for whom tbe world was prepare* and adorned as his palace.
' On his relation to Origen, comp. the appendix of Rupp, L c. pp. 243-262.
908 TRIED PEKioD. 'a.d. 311-590.
tic, and sometimes, Avitliout intending it or knowing it, fall into contradiction with the church doctrine, espeiiially in eschatology. Gregory adopts, for example, the doctrine of the final restoration of all things. The plan of redemption is in his view absolutely universal, and embraces all spiritual beings. Good is tbe only positive reality ; evil is the negative, the non-existent, and must finally abolish itself, because it i» not of God. Unbelievers must indeed pass through a second death, in order to be purged from the hlthiness of the flesh. But God does not give them up, for they are his property, spiritual natures allied to him. His love, which draws pure souls easily and without pain to itself, becomes a purifying fire to all who cleave to the earthly, till the impure element is driven off. As all comes forth from God, so must all return into him at last.
§ 166. Gregory Nazianzen.
S. Geegokius TnEOLOGUs, vulgo Nazianzenps: Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat. opera et studio mouachorum S. Benedict i e congreg. S. Mauri {Clemen' cet). Paris, 1778, torn. i. (containing his orations). This magnificent edition (one of the finest of the Maurian editions of the fathers) was interrupted by the French Revolution, but afterwards resumed, and with a second vohirae (after papers left by the Maurians) completed by A. B. Caillau, Par. 1837-'40, 2 vols. fol. Reprinted in M'xjnei Patrolog. Gr89c. (torn. 35-38), Petit- Montronge, 1857, in 4 vols. (On the separate editions of his Orationes and Cannina, see Brunei^ Man. du libraire, torn. ii. 1728 sq.)
. Biographical notices in Gregory's Epistles and Poems, in Soorates,
SOZOMEN, TnEODORET, RuFINUS, and SUIOAS (S. V. Vpriy6pLOi). GUKGO-
KIU8 Pkesbyter (of Uncertain origin, perliaps of Cappadocia in the tenth century): Bu>f toC rpj^yoptou (Greek and Latin in Migne's ed. of the Opera, tom. i. 243-304). G. Hermant: La vie de S. Basile lo Grand et celle de S. Gregoire de Nazianz. Par. 1679, 2 vols. Acta Sanotorvm, tom. ii. Maji, p. 373 sqq. Benki>. Editores: Vita (Jreg. ex iis potissimum scriptis adornata (in Migne's ed. torn. i. pp. 147-242). Tillemont: Memoirc^s, tom. ix. pp. 305-3 00, 002-731. Le Ci.ero: Bibliotheque Univcrselle, tom. xviii. pp 1-128. W. Cave: Lives of the Fathers, vol. iii. pp. 1-90 (ed. Oxf. 184'' )• Sohrookh: Part xiii. pp. 275-466. Carl Uu.mann: Gregoriui, von Nazianz, der Theologft, Ein Beitrag zur Kirchen- und Dogmengcschichte des 4ten Jabrhun