§ 170. JOHN CHRTS08T0M. 941
\rith his reply, and seventeen long letters to liis friend Olyni pias, a jDions widow and deaconess. They all breathe a noble Christian spirit, not desiring to be recalled from exile, convinced that there is but one misfortune, — departure from the path of piety and virtue, and filled with cordial friendship, faithful care for all the interests of the church, and a calm and cheerful looking forward to the glories of heaven.'
The so-called Liturgy of Ciirysostom, which is still in use in the Greek and Russian churches, has been already noticed in the proper place."
Among the pupils and admirers of Chrysostom we mention as deserving of special notice two abbots of the first half of the fifth century : the elder J^ilus or Sinai, who retired with his son from one of the highest civil stations of the empire to the contemplative solitude of Mount Sinai, while his wife and daughter entered a convent of Egypt ;' and Isidore of Pelusiiim, or Pelusiota, a native of Alexandria, who presided over a convent not far from the mouth of the Nile, and sympathized with Cyril against Nestorius, but warned him against his violent passions.'' They are among the worthiest representatives of ancient monasticism, and, in a large number of letters and exegetical and ascetic treatises, they discuss, with learning, piety, judgment, and moderation, nearly all the theological and practical questions of their age.
' The Epistles are in torn. iii. The Epistolaa ad Olympiadem, and ad Innocen tium are also included m Loraler's selection (pp. 165-252). On Olympias, compare above, § 52, and especially Tillemont, torn. xi. pp. 416-440.
* See above, § 99.
' Comp. S. P. N. NiLi abbatis opera omnia, variorum curis, nempe Leonis Aliatii, Petri Possini, etc., edita, nunc primum in unum collecta et ordinata, accurante /. P. Migne, Par. 1860, 1 volume. (Patrol. Gr. torn. 79.)
* Comp. S. IsiDORi Pelusiota Epistolarum libri v, ed. Posdnus (Jesuit), republished by 3fiffne, Par. 1860. (Patrol. Gr. torn. 78, including the dissertation of H. Ag. Niemeter: De Isid. Pel. \dta, scriptis et doctrina, Hal. 1825.) It is not certain that laidore was a pupil of Chrysostom, but he frequently mentions him with respect, and was evidently well acquainted with his writings. See the dissertation of Ni» meyer, in Migne'a ed. p. 15 sq.
942 THEBD PEBIOD. A.T). 311-590.
§ 171. Cyril of Alexandria.
L S. Cyrillus, Alex, archiepisc. : Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat., cura et stvidic Joan. Auberii. Lutetise, 1638, 6 vols, in 7 fol. The same editioi. with considerable additions by J. P. Migne, Petit-Montrouge, 1859, in 10 vols. (Patrol. Gr. torn. Ixviii.-lxxvii.). Comp. Angela MaVs Kova Bibliotheca Patriirn, torn. ii. })p. 1-498 (Rom. 1844), and torn. iii. (Eoin. 1845), where several writings of Cyril are printed for the first time, viz. : De incarnatione Domini; Explanatio in Lucam; HomiliiB. Excerpta; Fragments of Commentaries on the Psalms, and the Pauline and Catholic Epistles. (These additional works are incorporated in Migne's edition.) Cyrarxi Oommentnrii in Luc;o Evangelium qufe supersunt, Syriace, e manuscriptis apud museum Britannieum edidit Rob. Payne Smith., Oxonii, 1858. 'J'lie same also in an English version with valuable notes by P. P. Smith, Oxford, 1859, in 2 vols.
n. Scattered notices of CyrU in Socrates, Marius Meroator, and the Act« of the ecumenical councils of EpnEstrs and Oiialcedon. Tillemont : Tom. xiv. 207-676, and notes, pp. 747-705. Cellikr : Tom. xiii. 241 sqq. Acta Sanotorom: Jan. 28, t(im. ii. A. Butler: Jan. 28. Faijeicius: Bibliuth. Gr. ed. ITarless, vol. ix. p. 446 sqq. (The Vita of the Bollandists and the Noticia literaria of Fabricius are also re printed in Migne's edition of Cyril, torn. i. pp. 1-90.) Schrocku Theil xviii. 313-354. Comp. also the Prefaces of Angelo Mai to torn, ii. of the Nova Bibl. Patrum, and of R. P. Smith to his translation of Cyril's Commentary on Luke.
While the lives and labors of most of the fathers of the church continually inspire our admiration and devotion, Cyril OF Alexandria makes an extremely unpleasant, or at least an extremely equivocal, impression. He exhibits to ns a man making theology and orthodoxy tlie instruments of his passions.
Cyrillus became patriarch of Alexandria about the year 412. He trod in the footsteps of his predecessor and uncle, the notorious Thcophilus, who had deposed the noble Chrysostorn and procured his banishment ; in fact, he exceeded Thcophilus in arrogance and violence. He had hardly entered upon his oflSce, when he closed all the churches of the JSTovatians in Alexandria, and seized their er-clcsiastical ])roperty. In the year 415 he fell upon the synagogues of the vqyj numerous Jews with armed force, because, under provocation of lii»