61 FOUKTH PEKIOD. A. D. 590 TO 1049.
the tomb, and spent Easter in hilarity and joy. He converted more by his silence than his speech, caused a wolf and a stag to drag the plough, raised grain from a field sown with sand, kept the rain from wetting his garments, and performed other marvels which prove the faith or superstition of his biographers in the twelfth century. Jocelyn relates also, that Kentigern went seven times to Rome, and received sundry privileges and copies of the Bible from the Pope. There is, however, no trace of such visits in the works of Gregory I., who was more interested in the Saxon mission than the Scotch. Kentigern first estab lished his episcopal chair in Holdelm (now Hoddam), afterwards in Glasghu (Glasgow). He met St. Columba, and exchanged with him his pastoral stave.1 He attained to the age of one hundred and eighty-five years, and died between A. D. 601 and 612 (probably 603). 2 He is buried in the crypt of the cathedral of St. Mungo in Glasgow, the best preserved of mediaeval cathe drals in Scotland.
ST. CUTHBERT (d. March 20, 687), whose life has been writ ten by Bede, prior of the famous monastery of Mailros (Melrose), afterwards bishop of Lindisfarne, and last a hermit, is another legendary saint of Scotland, and a number of churches are traced to him or bear his name.3
§ 18. St. Columba and the Monastery of lona.
JOHN JAMIESON (D.D.) : An Historical Account of the Ancient Culdees of lona, and of their Settlements in Scotland, England and Ireland. Edinb., 1811 (p. 417).
MONTALEMBERT : Les Moines d' Occident, Vol. III., pp. 99-332 (Paris, 1868).
The DUKE OF ARGYLL: lona. Second ed., London, 1871 (149 pp.).
*ADAMNAN : Life of St. Columba, Founder of Hy, ed. by William Reeves (Canon of Armagh), Edinburgh, 1874. (Originally printed for tlie Irish Archaeolog. Society and for the Bannatyne Club, Dublin, 1856).
1 The meeting of the two saints, as recorded by Jocelyn, reminds one of the meeting of St. Antony with the fabulous Paul of Thebes.
2 See Forbes, Kalendars, p. 372, and Skene, II. 197.
3 Forbes (p. 319) gives a list of 26.
\ 18. ST. COLUMBA AND THE MONASTERY OF IONA. 65
* SKENE: Celtic Scotland, II. 52 sqq. (Edinb., 1877). Comp. the Lit. in g 7.
SAIXT COLUMBA or COLUMBCILLE (died June 0, 597) is the real apostle of Scotland. He is better known to us than Ninian and Kcntigern. The account of Adamnan (624-704), the ninth abbot of Ply, was written a century after Columba's death from authentic records and oral traditions, although it is a panegyric rather than a history. Later biographers have romanized him like St. Patrick. He was descended from one of the reigning families of Ireland and British Dalriada, and was born at Gartan in the county of Donegal about A. D. 521. He received in baptism the symbolical name Colum, or in Latin Columba (Dove, as the symbol of the Holy Ghost), to which was afterwards added cille (or kitt)y i. e. "of the church/7 or "the dove of the cells/7 on account of his frequent attendance at public worship, or, more probably, for his being the founder of many churches.1 He entered the monastic seminary of Clonard, founded by St. Finnian, and afterwards another monastery near Dublin, and was ordained a priest. He planted the church at Deny in 545, the monastery of Durrow in 553, and other churches. He seems to have fondly clung all his life to his native Ireland, and to the convent of Deny. In one of his elegies, which were probably retouched by the patriotism of some later Irish bard, he sings :
" Were all the tributes of Scotia [i. e. Ireland] mine, From its midland to its borders, I would give all for one little cell In my beautiful Deny. For its peace and for its purity, For the white angels that go In crowds from one end to the other, I love my beautiful Deny.
1 In the Irish calendar there are twenty saints of the name Columbri, or Columbanus, Columbus, Columb. The most distinguished next to Columbcille is Columbanus, the Continental missionary, who has often been confounded with Columba. In the Continental hagiology, the name is used for female saints. See Beeves, p. 248.