§ 124. THE EUCHAKISTIC CONTROVERSIES. 543
i,sm and Origeiiism, and censured for substituting philosophy for theology, and sophistical subtleties for sound arguments from Scripture and tradition. Remigius thought him insane. Florus Magister^ likewise wrote against him, and rejected as blasphemous the doctrine that sin and evil were nonentities, and therefore could not be the subjects of divine foreknowledge and foreordination. The Synod of Valence (855) rejected his nineteen syllogisms as absurdities, and his whole book as a "commentum diaboli potius quam argumentum fidei." His most important work, which gives his whole system, was also con demned by a provincial Synod of Sens, and afterwards by Pope Honorius III. in 1225, who characterized it as a book "teeming with the vermin of heretical depravity," and ordered all copies to be burned. But, fortunately, a few copies survived for the study of later ages.
§ 124. The Eucharistic Controversies. Literature.
The general Lit. on the history of the doctrine of the Eucharist, see in vol. I., \ 55, p. 472, and II. 241.
Add the following Roman Catholic works on the general subject: Card. Jo. DE LUGO (d. 1GGO): Jracfatus de venerabili Eucharistice Sacra mento, in Migne's "Cursus Theol. Completus," XXIII. Card. WISE- MAX : Lectures on the Real Presence. Lond., 1830 and 1842. OSWALD : Die doc/mat. Lehre von den hcil. Sacramcnten der katholischen Kirche. Minister, 3rd ed., 1870, vol. I. 375-427.
On the Protestant side : T. K. MEIER : Versnch cincr Gesch. der Tramsubstanfiationslchre. Heilbronn, 1832. EBRARD: Das Dogma v. hell. Abendmaltl und seine Gcsch. Frankf. a. M., 1845 and '4G, 2 vols. STEITZ: Arts, on Ritdbcrt, JRatramnus, and Transubstantiation in Herzog. SCIIAFF: Tran*nb*tnntiation in "Eel. Encycl." III. 2385.
Special Lit. on the cucharistic controversies in the ninth and eleventh centuries.
I. Controversy between R a tram mis and Paschasius Eadbertus.
(1) PASCHASIUS RADBERTUS : Liber de Corporc cf Sanguine Domini, de dicated to Marinus, abbot of New Corbie, 831, second ed., 844, pre sented to Charles the Bald ; first genuine ed. by Nic. Mameranus, Colon. 1550 ; best ed. by Martene and Durand in " Veter. Script, et Monum. amplissima Collectio," IX. 367. — Comm. in Matth. (26 : 26) ; EpiMa ad Fruderjardum, and treatise De Partn Virginia. See S. PASCH. HADB. : Opera omnia in Torn. 120 of Migne's " Patrol. Lat.," Par. 1852.
544 FOURTH PEKIOD. A. D. 590-1049.
HAIMO: Tract, de Corp. et Sang. Dom. (a fragment of a Com. on 1 Cor.), in D'Achery, "Spicil." I. 42, and in Migne, "P. L.," Tom. 118, col. 815-817. HINCMAR : Ep. ad Carol. Call), de cavendis vitiis et virtutibus exercendis, c. 9. In Migne, T. 125, col. 915 sqq.
(2) EATRAMNUS : De Corpore et Sanguine Domini liber ad Carolum Calvum Reg. Colon., 1532 (under the name of Bertram), often publ. by Reformed divines in the original and in translations (from 1532 to 1717 at Zurich, Geneva, London, Oxford, Amsterdam), and by Jac. Boileau, Par., 1712, with a vindication of the catholic orthodoxy of Eatramnus. See EATRAMNI Opera in Migne, "P. L.," Tom. 121, col. 10-346.
EABANUS MAURUS: Poenitentiale, cap. 33. Migne, "P. L." Tom. 110, col. 492, 493. WALAFRID STRABO : De Rebus Eccles., c. 16, 17. See extracts in Gieseler, II. 80-82.
(3) Discussions of historians : NATALIS ALEXANDER, H. Eccl. IX. and X., Dissert. X. and XIII. NEANDER, IV. 458-475, Germ, ed., or III. 495-501, Engl. transl., Bost. ed. GIESELER, II. 79-84, N. Y. ed. BAUR: Vorlesungen uber Dogmengesch. II. 161-175.
II. Controversy between Berengar and Lanfranc.
(1) LANTRANCUS : De EucHaristice Sacramento contra Berengarium lib., Basil., 1528, often publ., also in "Bibl. PP. Lugd.," XVIII. 763, and in Migne, "Patrol. Lat.," Tom. 150 (1854), col. 407-442.
(2) BERENGARITJS : De Sacra Ccena adv. Lanfrancum liber posterior, first publ. by A. F. & F. Th. Vischer. Berol., 1834 (from the MS. in Wolfenbiittel, now in Gottingen. Comp. LESSING : Berengarius Turon. oder Ankundigung eines wichtigen Werkes desselben. Braunschweig, 1770). H. SUDENDORF: Berengarius Turonensis oder eine Sammlung ihn betreffender Briefe. Hamburg and Gotha, 1850. Contains twen ty-two new documents, and a full list of the older sources.
(3) NEANDER: III. 502-530 (E. Tr. Bost. ed. ; or IV. 476-534 Germ. ed.). GIESELER: II. 163-173 (E. Tr. N. York ed.). BAUR: II. 175-198. HARDWICK: Middle Age, 169-173 (third ed. by Stubbs). MILMAN: III. 258 sqq. ROBERTSON: II. 609 sqq. (small ed., IV. 351-367). JACOBI: Berengar, in Herzog2 II. 305-311. EEUTER: Gesch. der relig. Anfklarung im Mittelalter (1875), I. 91 sqq. HEFELE: IV. 740 sqq. (ed. 1879).