128 THE MIDDLE AGES. A.D. 1294-1517.
entertain at his table with elegance.^ The distinguished preacher, Vincent Ferrer, gave him his support. Among the new cardinals he appointed was the young prince of Luxemburg, who enjoyed a great reputation for saintliness. At the prince's death, in 1387, miracles were said to be performed at his tomb, a circumstance which seemed to favor the claims of the Avignon pope.
Clement's embassy to Bohemia for a whij^ had hopes of
senui-ing a._iiumj-akhC^d&cT^rt^Irvn _fj'm king,
Wenzijj^ kljfc- was jlisajjpointed.^ ^ The national pride of the French was Clement's chief dependence, and for the king's support he was obliged to pay a humiliating price by granting the royal demands to bestow ecclesiastical offices and tax Church property. As a means of healing the schism, Clement proposed a general council, promising, in case it decided in his favor, to recognize Urban as leading cardinal. _The Jirst schismatic pope died suddenly of apoplexy, Sept. 16^ ISLQi, having outlived Urban VI. five_years.
Boniface IX., who succeeded_Ui4)cm^I., was, like.hini^a Neapolitan, and only thirty-five at the time of his election. He was j, man of fine presence, and understood the art of ruling, but lacked the culture of the schools, and could ijpt even write^ and was poor at saying the services.^ He had thg satisfaction of seeing the kingdam ^f Naples yield tolhe Roman obedience. He also secured from the city of Rome full submission, and the document, by which it surrendered to him its republican liberties, remained for centuries the foundation of the relations of the municipality to the Apostolic See.* Bologna, Perugia, Viterbo, and other towns of Italy which had acknowledged Clement, were brought into submission to him, so that before his death tlie entire peninsula was under his obedience except Genoa, which Charles VI. had reduced. All men's eyes began again to turn to Rome.
In 1390, the Jubilee Year which Urban VI. had appointed attracted streams of pilgrims to Rome from Germany, Ilun-
1 Nieheim, p. 124. ■ Valois, II. 282, 200 sqq.
8 Xesciens scribere etiam male cnntahat. Nieheiiu, p. 130. * Gregorovius, VI. 547 sqq. ; Valois, II. 1(32, 10(i sqq.
§ 14. FUllTHER PROGRESS OF THE SCHISM. 129
gary, Bohemia, Poland, and England and other lands, as did also the Jubilee of 1400, commemorating the close of one and the beginning of another century. If Rome profited by these celebrations, Boniface also made in other ways the most of his opportunity, and his agents throughout Christendom returned with the large sums which they had realized from the sale of dispensations and indulgences. Boniface left behind him a reputation for avarice and freedom in the sale of eccTesiastical concessions. ^ He was also notorious for his nepotism, enriching his brothers Andrew and John and other relatives with offices and wealth. Such offences, however, the Romans could easily overlook in view of the growing regard throughout Europe for the Roman line of popes and the waning influence of the Avignon line.
The prepomier-ant influence of Ladislaus secured the election of still another Neapolitan, Cardinal Cosimo dei Migliorati, who took the name of Innocent YH. He also was only thirty-five years old at the .time of his elevation to the papal chair^^ a doctor of both laws and expert in the management of affairs. The members of the conclave, before proceeding to an election, signed a document whereby each bound himself, if elected pope, to do all in his power to put an end to the schism. The English chronicler, Adam of Usk, who was present at the coronation, concludes the graphic description he gives of the ceremonies ^ with a lament over the desolate condition of the Roman city. How much is Rome to be pitied ! he exclaims, " for, once thronged with princes and their palaces, she is now a place of hovels, thieves, wolves, worms, full of desert spots and laid waste by her own citizens who rend each other in pieces. Once her empire devoured
1 Erat insatiahilis vorago et in avaricia nullus similis ei, Nieheim, p. 119. Nieheim, to be sure, was disappointed in not receiving office under Boniface, but other contemporaries say the same thing. Adam of Usk, p. 259, states that, "though gorged with simony, Boniface to his dying day was never filled."
2 Chronicle, p. 262 sqq. This is one of the most full and interesting accounts extant of the coronation of a mediaeval pope. Usk describes the conclave as well as the coronation, and he mentions expressly how, on his way from St. Peter's to the Lateran, Innocent purposely turned aside from St. Clement's, near which stood the bust of Pope Joan and her son.
K