632 THE MIDDLE AGES. A.D. 1294-1517.
die. They are sheer lies made up. All this I was forced to say through fear of the rack, for they never leave off the torture till one confesses something. . . . Dear child, keep this letter secret so that people may not find it or else I shall be tortured most piteously and the jailers be beheaded. ... I have taken several days to write this for my hands are both lame. Good night, for your father Johannes Junius will never see you more. ^
Innocent VIII.^s Bull, Summis desiderantes. December 5, 1484 : In Fart : 2
Innocentius episcopus, servus servorum del, ad perpetuam rei memoriam. Summis desiderantes affectibus, prout pastoralis sollicitudinis cura requirit, ut fides catholica nostris potissime temporibus ubique augeatur et fioreat ac omnis haeretica pravitas de finibus fidelium procul pellatur, ea libenter declaramus ac etiam de novo concedimus per quae huiusmodi pium desiderium nostrum votivum sortiatur effectum ; cunctisque propterea, per nostrse operationis ministerium, quasi per providi operationis s«;culum erroribus exstirpatis, eiusdem fidei zelus et observantia in ipsorum corda fidelium fortius imprimatur.
Sane nuper ad nostrum non sine ingenti molestia pervenit auditum, quod in nonnuUis partibus Alemanise superioris, necnon in Maguntinensi, Coloniensi, Treverensi, Saltzumburgensi, et Bremensi, provinciis, civitatibus, terris, locis et dicBcesibus complures utriusque sexus personee, propriae salutis immemores et a fide catholica deviantes, cum daemonibus, incubis et succubis abuti, ac suis incantationibus, carminibus et coniurationibus aliisque nefandis superstitiosis, et sortilegis excessibus, criminibus et delictis, mulierum partus, animalium foetus, terrae fruges, vinearum uvas, et arborum fructus ; necnon homines, mulieres, pecora, pecudes et alia diversorum generum animalia ; vineas quoque, pomeria, prata, pascua, blada, frumenta et alia terne legumina perire, suffocari et extingui facere et procurare ; ipsosque homines, mulieres, iumenta, pecora, pecudes et animalia diris tam intrinsecis quam extriiisecis doloribus et tormentis afficere et excruciare ; ac eosdem homines ue gignere, et mulieres ne concipere, virosque, ne uxoribus, et mulieres, ne viris actus coniugales reddere valeant, impedire; fidem pneterea ipsam, quam in sacri susceptione baptismi susceperunt, ore sacrilege abnegare, aliaque quam plurima nefanda, excessus et crimina, instigante humani generis inimico, committere et perpetrare non verentur in animarum suarum periculum, divin;e maiestatis offensam ac perniciosum exemplum ac scandalum plurimorum. Quodque licet dilecti filii Ilenrici Institoris in pnedictis partibus Aleniani;Tj superioris . . . necnon lacobus Sprenger per certa.s partes line;e Rlieni, ordinis I'npdicatorum et theologiae professores, hsereticae pravitatis Inquisitores per literas
1 The translation taken from the FhiJa. Trsll. and Reprints, vol. III.
2 Reprinted from Hansen : Quelh-n, pp. 25-27. The Latin text is also found in Soldan, p. 215, and Mirbt, p. 171 sq. Germ. trsl. in Schmidt, pp. xxxvi-xli, and Hoensbroech, I. 384-386. Engl. trsl. in Phila. Trsll. and Reprints, vol. III.
§ 60. THE SPANISH INQUISITION. 533
apostolicas deputati fuerunt, prout adhuc existunt ; tamen nonnuUi clerici et laici illarum partium, quserentes plura sapere quam oporteat, pro eo quod in Uteris deputationis huiusmodi provinciie, civitates dioeceses, terrse et alia loca prtedicta illarumque personse ac excessus huiusmodi nominatim et specifice expressa non fuerunt, ilia sub eisdem partibus minime contineri, et propterea prcefatis inquisitoribus in provinciis, civitatibus, dioecesibus, terris et locis prajdictis huiusmodi inquisitionis officium exequi non licere ; et ad personarum earundem super excessibus et criminibus antedictis punitionem, incarcerationem et correctionem admitti non debere, pertinaciter asserere non erubescunt. . . . Huiusmodi inquisitionis officium exequi ipsasque personas, quas in praemissis culpabiles reperierint, iuxta earum demerita corrigere, incarcerare, punire et mulctare. . . . Quotiens opus fuerunt, aggravare et reaggravare auctoritate nostra procuret, invocato ad hoc, si opus fuerit, auxilio brachii sscularis.
§ 60. The Spanish Inquisition.
Torquemada's name, with clouds o'ercast, Looms in the distant landscape of the past Like a burnt tower upon a blackened heath, Lit by the fires of burning woods beneath.
— Longfellow.
The Inc[iiisition of Spain is one of the bywords of history. The horrors it perpetrated have cast a dark shadow over the pages of Spanish annals. ^Organized to rid the Spanish kingdoms of the infection of heresy, jt extended its methods to the~5panish depeirderTcies in Europe, Sicily and Holland and to the Spanish colonies of the ne\tJs:Qxlti. After the marriage of Philip II. with Mary Tudor it secured a temporary recognition in England. In its bloody sacrifices, Jews, Moors, Protestants and the practitioners of the dark arts were included. No country in the world was more concerned to maintain the Catholic faith pure than was Spain from the 15th to the 18th century, and to no Church organization was a more unrestricted authority given than to the Spanish Inquisition. Agreeing with the papal Inquisition established by Innocent III. in its ultimate aim, the eradication of heresy, it differed from that earlier institution by being under the direction of a tribunal appointed by the Spanish sovereign, immediately amenable to him and acting independently of the bishops. The papal Inquisition was controlled by the Apostolic see.