660 THE MIDDLE AGES. A.D. 1294-1517.
For § 76. — Nicolas ok Lyra : PosliUce sive Commcntaria hrevia in omnia bihlia, Rome, 1541-1543, 5 vols., Introd. — Wyclif: De veritate scrip, sac, ed. by Buddensieg, 3 vols., Leipzig, 1904. — Gekson : De sensu litterali scrip: sac, Du Pin's ed., 1728, I. 1 sqq. — Erasmus: Introd. to Gr. Test., 1516. — L. Hain: Bepertorinm bibliographicum, 4 vols., Stuttg., 1826-1838. — Ed. Reuss, d. 1891 : Z>. Gesch. d. heil. Schriften N.T., 6th ed., Braunschweig, 1887, pp. 603 sqq. — F. W. Farrar: Hist, of Interpretation, Lond., 1886, pp. 254-303. — S. Berger : La Bible Franqaise au moym cLge, Paris, 1884. — Gasquet: TJie Old Engl. Bible, etc. ; the Eve of the Reformation. — F. Falk : Bibclstudien, Bibelhandschriften und Bibeldrucken, Mainz, 1901 : Die Bibel am Ausgange des MA, ihre Kenntnis und Hire Verbreitung, Col., 1905. — W. Walther: D. dentschen Bibelubersetzungen des 3/^i, Braunschweig, 1889- 1892. — A. Coppinger: Incunabula bibl. or the First Half Cent, of the Lat. Bible, 1450-1500, with 54 facsimiles, Lond., 1892. — The Ilistt. of the Engl. Bible, by Westcott, Eadie, Moui.ton, Kenyon, etc. — Janssen-Pastor: Gesch. des deutschen Volkes, 1.9 sqq. — Bezold : Gesch. der Reformation, pp. 109 sqq. — R. Sciimid: Nic.of Lyra, in Herzog XII. 28-30. — Artt. Bibellesen und Bibelverbot and BibeUibersetzungen in Herzog II. 700 sqq.. III. 24 sqq. Other works cited in the notes.
For § 77. — I. Sources : Savonarola's Lat. and Ital. writings consist of sermons, tracts, letters and a few poems. The largest collection of MSS. and original edd. is preserved in the National Library of Florence. It contains 15 edd. of the Triumph of the Cross issued in the 15th and IGth centt. Epp. spiritnales et asceticae, ed. Quetif, Paris, 1674. The sermons were collected by a friend, Lorenzo Vivoli, and published as they came fresh from the preacher's lips. Best ed. Sermoni e Prediche, Prato, 1846. Also ed. by G. Baccini, Flor., 1889. A selection, ed. by Villari and Casanova : Scelta di prediche e scritti, G. Sav., Flor., 1898. — Germ. trsl. of 12 sermons and the poem de ruina mundi by H. Schottmuller : Berlin, 1901, pp. 132. — A. Giierardi : Nuovi documenti e studii intorno a Savon., 1876, 2d ed., Flor., 1887. — The Triumph of the Cross, ed. in Lat. and Ital. by L. Ferretti, O.P., Milan, 1901. Engl. trsl. from this ed. by J. Procter, Lond., 1901, pp. 209. — Exposition of Ps. LI and part of Ps. XXXII, Lat. text with Engl, trsl. by E. II. Perowxe, Lond., 1900, pp. 227. — Sav.'s Poetry, ed. by C. GuASTi, Flor., 1862, pp. xxil, 1864. — Rudelbach, Perrens and Villari give specimens in the original. — E. C. Bayonxe : (Euvres spir. choisies de Sav., 3 vols., Paris, 1880. — Oldest biographies by P.Burlamacchi, d. 1519, founded on an older Latin Life, the work of an eye-witness, ed. by Mansi, 1761 : G. F. Pico dklla Mirandola (nephew of the celebrated scholar of that name), completed 1520, publ. 1530, ed. by Qnfitif, 2 vols., Paris, 1674. On these three works, see Villari, Life of Sav., pp. xxvii sqq. — Also J. Nardi (a contemporary) : Le storie drlla citta di Firenze, 1494-1531, Flor., 1584. — Luca Landucci, a pious Florentine apothecary and an ardent admirer of Sav.: Diario Fiorentino, 1450-1516, Florence, 1883. A realistic picture of Florence and the preaching and death of Savonarola.
II. Modern Works. — For extended lit,, see Potthast : Bibl. hist, med., II. 1564 sqq. — Lives by Rudelbach, Hamb., 1835. —Meier, Berl., 1836.— K. Hase in Neue Propheten, Leip., 1851. — F. T. Perrens, 2 vols., Paris,
§ 72. LITERATURE. 661
1853, 3d ed., 1859. — Madden, 2 vols., Lond., 1854. — Padre V. Marchese, Flor., 1855. — * Pasquale Villari: Life and Times of Savon., Flor., 1859- 1861, 2d ed., 1887, 1st Engl. trsl. by L. Horner, 2d Engl. trsl. by Mrs. Villari, Loud., 2 vols., 1888, 1 vol. ed., 1899. — Ranke in Hist, biogr. Studien, Leip., 1877. — Bayonne: Paris, 1879. —E. Warren, Lond., 1881. — W. Clark, Prof. Trinity Col., Toronto, Chicago, 1891. —J. L. O'Neil, O.P. : Was Sav. really excommunicated f Bost., 1900 ; * H. Lucas, St. Louis, 1900.
— G. McHardy, Edinb., 1901. — W. H. Crawford: Sav. the Prophet in Men of the Kingdom series. — * J. Schnitzer : Quellen und Forschungen zur Gesch. Savon., 3 vols., Munich, 1902-1904. Vol. II., Sav. und die Fruerprobe, pp. 175. — Also Savon, im Lichte der neuesten Lit. in Hist.-pol. Blatter, 1898-1900.
— H. RiESCH : Savon, u. s. Zeit, Leip., 1906. — Roscoe in Life of Lorenzo the Magnificent. — E. Comba: Storia della riforma in Italia, Flor., 1881. — P. ScHAFF, art. Savon, in Herzog II., 2d ed., XIII. 421-431, and Benrath in 3d ed., XVIL 502-513. — Creighton : vol. III. — Gregorovius: VII. 432 sqq. — * Pastor : 4th ed.. III. 137-148, 150-162, 396-437 : Zur Beurtheilung Sav., pp. 79, Freib. im Br., 1896. This bi-ochure was in answer to sharp attacks upon Pastor's treatment of Savonarola in the 1st ed. of his Hist., especially those of Luotto aud Feretti. — P. Luotto : II vero Savon, ed il Savon. di L. Pastor, Flor., 1897, p. 620. Luotto also wrote Dello studio di scrittura sacra secondo G. Savon, e Leon XIIL, Turin, 1896. — Feretti : Per la causa di Fra G. Savon., Milan, 1897. — Mrs. Oliphant : Makers of Florence. — Godkin : The Monastery of San Marco, Lond., 1901. — G. Biermann : Krit. Studie zur Gesch. des Fra G. Savon., Rostock, 1901. — Brie : Savon, und d. deutsche Lit., Breslau, 1903. — G. Bonet-Maury : Les Precurseurs de la.Eeformeet de la liberie de conscience . . . du XII^ et XIII^ siecle, Paris, 1904, contains Sketches of Waldo, Bernard of Clairvaux, Peter the Venerable, St. Francis, Dante, Savonarola, etc. — Savonarola has been made the subject of romantic treatment by Lenau in his poem Savonarola, 1844, Geo. Eliot in Romola, and by Alfred Austin in his tragedy, Savonarola, Lond., 1881, with a long preface in which an irreverent, if not blasphemous, parallel is drawn between the Florentine preacher and Christ.
For § 78. — See citations in the Notes.
For § 79. — G. Uhlhorn : Die christl. Liebesthdtigkeit im MA, Stuttg., 1884. — P. A. Thiejm: Gesch. d. Wohlthdtigkeitsanstallen in Belgien, etc., Freib., 1887. — L. Lallemand : Hist, de la charite, 3 vols., Paris, 1906. Vol.3 covers the 10th-16th century. — T. Kolde : Art. Brxiderschaften, in Herzog, III. 434-441. — A. Blaize : Des monts-de-piete et des banques de pret sur gage, Paris, 1856. — H. Holzapfel : D. Anfdnge d.montes pietatis 1462-1515, Munich, 1903. — Toulmin Smith: Engl. Gilds, Lond., 1870. — Thoroi.d Rogers: Work and Wages, ch. XI. sqq. — W. Cunningham: Growth of Engl. Industry and Commerce, Bk. II., ch. III. sqq. — Lecky : Hist. ofEurop. Morals, II. — Stubbs : Const. Hist., ch. XXI. — W. vox Heyd: Gesch. d. Levantenhandels im MA, 2 vols., Stuttg., 1879. — A rtt. ^Mssa^^ and Zins u. Wucher in Wetzer-Welte, I. 1706 sqq., XII. 1963-1975. —Janssen-Pastor, I. 451 sqq. — Pastor: Gesch. d. Pdpste., III.
For § 80. — The Sources are Thomas Aquinas, the papal bulls of indulgence and treatments by Wyclif, Huss, Wkssel, John or Paltz, James of