8 107. THE MARBURG CONFERENCE, A.D. 1629. 629
This bitter controversy fell in the most trying time of Luther, when he suffered greatly from physical infirmity and mental depression, and when a pestilence raged at Wittenberg (1527), which caused the temporary removal of the University to Jena. He remained on the post of danger, escaped the jaws of death, and measurably recovered his strength, but not his former cheerfulness, good humor, and buoyancy of spirit.
8 107. The Marburg Conference, A.D. 1529. (With Fac-
simile of Signatures.)
I. Contemporary Reports. (1) Lutheran. LUuTHER’s references to the Conference at Marburg, in Erl. ed. XXXII. 398, 403, 408; XXXVI. 320 sqq. (his report from the pulpit); LIV. 286; 83, 107sq., 153; LV. 88. Letters of Luther to his wife, Philip of Hesse, Gerbel, Agricola, Amsdorf, Link, and Probst, from October, 1529, and later, in De Wette, ITI. 508 sqq; IV. 26 sq. Reports of MELANCHTHON, JONAS, BRENZ, and OSIANDER, in “‘ Corpus Reform.,’’ I. 1098, 1102 (Mel. in German); 1095 (Jonas), XX VI. 115; Seckendorf, II. 136; Walch, XVII. 2352-2379; Scultetus, Annal. evang., Ὁ. 215 sqq.; Riederer, Nachrichten, ete., II. 109 sqq.
(2) Reformed (Swiss and Strassburg) reports of CoLLIN, ZWINGLI, Cico- LAMPADIUS, are collected in Zwingli’s Opera, ed. Schuler and Schulthess, vol. LV. 173-204, and Hospinian’s Hist. Sacram., If. 74 sqq., 123 sqq. BULLINGER: Reformationsgesch., 11. 223 sqq. The reports of BUCER and HEDI0 are used by Baum in his Capito und Butzer (Elberf. 1860), p. 453 sqq., and Erichson (see below). The MS. of Capito’s Itinerary was burned in 1870 with the library of the Protestant Seminary at Strassburg, but had previously been copied by Professor Baum.
II. The Marburg Articles in WALcuH, XVII. 2357 sqq.; Erl. ed. LXV. 88 sqq.; ‘‘ Corp. Reform.,’? XX VI. 121-128; H. Herre: Die 15 Marburger Artikel vom 3 Oct., 1529, nach dem wieder aufgefundenen Autographon der Reformatoren als Facsimile verdffentlicht, Kassel, 1847, 2d ed. 1854 (from the archives at Kassel); another ed. from a MS. in Ziirich by J. M. UsTERI in the ‘‘ Studien und Kritiken,’’ 1888, No. IL, p. 400-413 (with facsimile). A list of older editions in the ‘‘Corpus Reform.,’? XXVI. 113-118.
IIL. L. J. K. Scumirr: Das Religionsgesprach zu Marburg im J. 1529, Marb. 1840. J. KRADOLFER: Das Marb. Religionsgesprach im J. 1529, Berlin, 1871. ScHIRRMACHER: Briefe und Akten zur Geschichte des Religionsgesprachs zu Marburg 1529 und des Reichstags zu Augsburg 1530 nach der Handschrift des Aurifaber, Gotha,1876. M. LENz: Zwingli und
630 THE GERMAN REFORMATION. A.D. 1517 τὸ 1530.
Landgraf Philipp, three articles in Brieger’s ‘‘ Zeitschrift fiir K. Gesch.,” 1879 (pp. 28, 220, and 429). OswaLp ScuMIDT: in Herzog?, IX. (1881), 270-275. A. EricHuson: Das Marburger Religionsgespréch i. J. 1529, nach ungedruckten strassburger Urkunden, Strassb. 1880. (Based upon Hedio’s unpublished Itinerarium ab Argentina Marpurgum super negotio Eucharistie.) FRANK H. Foster: The Historical Significance of the Marburg Colloquy, and its Bearing upon the New Departure {of Andover], in the ‘‘ Bibliotheca Sacra,’’? Oberlin, Ohio, April, 1887, p. 363-369.
IV. See also the respective sections in HOSPINIAN, LOscHER (Historia Motuum, I. 143 sqq.), PLANCK (II. 515 sqq.), MARHEINEKE, HAGEN- BACH, ROMMEL (Phil. der Grossmiithige, I. 247 sqq., II. 219 sqq.), HAs- SENCAMP (Hessische K. G., II.), MERLE D’AUBIGNE (Bk. VIII. ch. VII.), EBRARD (Das Dogma vom heil. Abendmahl, Il. 268 sqq.), and in the biographies of Luther, e. g., KOstLin: ΜΙ. Luth. 11. 127 sqq. (small biography, E. V. p. 391 sqq.), and of Zwingli, 6. g., by CHRIs- TOFFEL and MORIKOFER. Comp. also RANKE, ΠῚ. 116 sqq.; JANs- SEN, ITI. 149-154.
The eucharistic controversy broke the political force of Protestantism, and gave new strength to the Roman party, which achieved a decided victory in the Diet of Speier, April, 1529.
In this critical situation, the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave of Hesse formed at Speier “a secret agreement” with the cities of Niirnberg, Ulm, Strassburg and St. Gall, for mutual protection (April 22, 1529). Strassburg and St. Gall sided with Ziirich on the eucharistic question.
The situation became more threatening during the summer. The Emperor made peace with the Pope, June 29, and with France, July 19, pledging himself with his allies to extirpate the new deadly heresy; and was on the way to Augsburg, where the fate of Protestantism was to be decided. But while the nations of Europe aimed to emancipate themselves from the authority of the church and the clergy, the religious element was more powerful, — the hierarchical in the Roman, the evangelical in the Protestant party, — and overruled the political. This is the character of the sixteenth century: it was still a churchly and theological age.
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